Afonso_VI_of_Portugal

{|align=right
|-
|{{Infobox Monarch
| name =Afonso VI
| title =King of Portugal and the Algarve of either side of the sea in Africa
| image =[[Image:AfonsoVIPortugal.jpg|200px|Afonso VI of Portugal]]
| reign =[[November 6]], [[1656]]—[[September 12]], [[1683]] (under the regency of [[Luisa of Medina-Sidonia]] until [[1662]]) (under the regency of [[Peter II of Portugal|Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja (future Peter II)]] from [[November 24]], [[1667]])
| investiture =[[November 15]], 1657 in [[Lisbon]]
| othertitles =Infante of Portugal ([[1643]]–[[1653]]) [[Prince of Brazil]] (1653–[[1656]]) [[Duke of Braganza]], Duke of Barcelos, Marquess of Vila Viçosa, Count of Arraiolos, Count of Ourém, Count of Barcelos and Count of Neiva (1653–1656) Lord of Guinea (1656–1683) Lord of the Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India (1656–1683)
| full name =Afonso de Bragança
| predecessor =[[John IV of Portugal]]
| successor =[[Peter II of Portugal]]
| suc-type =Heir brother
| heir = [[Peter II of Portugal|Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja (future Peter II)]]
| queen =[[Maria Francisca of Nemours|Marie Françoise of Savoy, Princess of Nemours]]
| issue =''no issue''
| royal house =[[House of Braganza]]
| dynasty =[[House of Braganza|Dynasty of Braganza (Brigantine Dynasty)]]
| father =[[John IV of Portugal]]
| mother =[[Luisa of Medina-Sidonia]] (Luisa de Guzmán)
| date of birth =[[August 21]], [[1643]]
| place of birth ={{flagicon|Portugal|1640}} [[Ribeira Palace]], [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| date of death =September 12, 1683
| place of death ={{flagicon|Portugal|1640}} [[Sintra National Palace|Royal Palace of Cintra]], [[Sintra|Cintra]], Kingdom of Portugal
| place of burial =Dynasty of Braganza Royal Pantheon, [[Monastery of São Vicente de Fora]], [[Lisbon]], [[Lisbon (district)|District of Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
|}}
|-
|{{House of Braganza}}
|}
'''Afonso VI''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], {{pronounced|ɐˈfõsu}}; [[English language|English]] ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse''), or ''Affonso'' (Old Portuguese), ([[August 21]], [[1643]] – [[September 12]], [[1683]]) was the twenty-second (or twenty-third according to some historians) [[Kings of Portugal|king]] of [[Portugal]] and the [[Algarve]]s, the second of the [[House of Braganza]], known as "the Victorious" ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''o Vitorioso'').

At the age of three, Afonso suffered an illness that left him paralyzed on the left side of his body, as well as leaving him mentally unstable. His father created him 11th [[Duke of Braganza]].

After the 1653 death of his eldest brother [[Teodosio, Prince of Brazil]], Afonso became the [[heir-apparent]] to the throne of the kingdom. He received also the crown-princely title 2nd [[Prince of Brazil]].

[[Image:Afonsoviportugal.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]
He succeeded his father ([[João IV]]) in [[1656]] at the age of thirteen. His mother, ([[Luisa of Medina-Sidonia]]) was named regent in his father's will. His mental instability and paralysis, plus his disinterest in government, left his mother as regent for six years, until 1662. Luisa oversaw military victories over the [[Spain|Spanish]] at [[Battle of Ameixial|Ameixial]] ([[June 8]] [[1663]]) and [[Battle of Montes Claros|Montes Claros]] ([[June 17]] [[1665]]), culminating in the final Spanish recognition of Portugal's independence on [[February 13]] [[1668]] in the [[Treaty of Lisbon (1668)|Treaty of Lisbon]]. Colonial affairs saw the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] conquest of [[Jaffna]]patam, Portugal's last colony in [[Sri Lanka]] ([[1658]]) and the cession of [[Bombay]] and [[Tangier]] to [[England]] ([[June 23]], [[1661]]) as dowry for Afonso's sister, [[Catherine of Braganza]] who had married King [[Charles II of England]]. English mediation in 1661 saw the [[Netherlands]] acknowledge Portuguese rule of [[Brazil]] in return for uncontested control of Sri Lanka.

In 1662, the [[Count of Castelo Melhor]] saw an opportunity to gain power at court by befriending the king. He managed to convince the king that his mother was out to steal his throne and exile him from Portugal. As a result, Afonso took control of the throne and his mother was sent to a convent.

He was married to [[Marie Françoise of Nemours]], the daughter of the [[Duke of Nemours]], in 1666, but this marriage would not last long. Marie Françoise, or Maria Francisca in Portuguese, filled for an annulment in 1667 based on the impotence of the king. The Church granted her the annulment, and she married Afonso's brother, Pedro, Duke of Beja, (future ([[Peter II of Portugal|Peter II]])). That same year, Pedro managed to gain enough support to force the king to relinquish control of the government and he became Prince Regent. Afonso was exiled to the island of [[Terceira]] in the [[Azores]] for seven years, returning to mainland Portugal shortly before he died at [[Sintra]] in [[1683]].

His trial is the base for [[José Mário Grilo]]'s 1990 film, ''The King's Trial'' (''O Processo do Rei'').

==Ancestors==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Maria's ancestors in three generations'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''Afonso VI of Portugal'''
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:''' [[John IV of Portugal]]
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Father's father:''' [[Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza]]
| align="center"| '''Father's father's father:''' [[John, 6th Duke of Braganza|John II, Duke of Braganza]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Father's father's mother:''' [[Catherine, Duchess of Braganza|Infanta Catarina of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza]]
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Father's mother:''' [[Ana de Velasco y Girón]]
| align="center"| '''Father's mother's father:''' [[Juan Fernández de Velasco, Duke of Frias]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Father's mother's mother:''' [[Ana Ángela de Aragón y Guzmán]]
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:''' [[Luisa of Medina-Sidonia]] (Luisa de Guzmán)
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Mother's father:''' [[Juan Manuel de Guzmán El Bueno, Duke of Medina-Sidonia]]
| align="center"| '''Mother's father's father:''' [[Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia|Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, Duke of Medina-Sidonia]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Mother's father's mother:''' [[Ana de Sylva y Mendoza]]
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Mother's mother:''' [[Juana Lourença Gómez de Sandoval y la Cerda]]
| align="center"| '''Mother's mother's father:''' [[Francisco Goméz de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Mother's mother's mother:''' [[Catarina de Lacerda]]
|}

==References==
*{{1911}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Braganza]]|21 August|1643|12 September|1683|[[House of Aviz]]}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John IV of Portugal|John IV]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]] and the [[Algarve]]s|years=1656 – 1683}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Peter II of Portugal|Peter II]]}}
{{end}}
{{Monarchs of Portugal}}

[[Category:Portuguese monarchs]]
[[Category:Dukes of Braganza]]
[[Category:1643 births|Afonso VI of Portugal]]
[[Category:1683 deaths|Afonso VI of Portugal]]

[[ar:ألفونسو السادس ملك البرتغال]]
[[ca:Alfons VI de Portugal]]
[[de:Alfons VI. (Portugal)]]
[[el:Αλφόνσος ΣΤ' της Πορτογαλίας]]
[[es:Alfonso VI de Portugal]]
[[fr:Alphonse VI de Portugal]]
[[it:Alfonso VI di Portogallo]]
[[he:אפונסו השישי, מלך פורטוגל]]
[[nl:Alfons VI van Portugal]]
[[ja:アフォンソ6世 (ポルトガル王)]]
[[pl:Alfons VI (król Portugalii)]]
[[pt:Afonso VI de Portugal]]
[[fi:Alfons VI (Portugali)]]
[[sv:Alfons VI av Portugal]]
[[zh:阿方索六世 (葡萄牙)]]