'''Alain de Lille''' (or '''Alanus ab Insulis''') (c. [[1128]] - [[1202]]), [[France|French]] [[theology|theologian]] and [[poet]], was born, probably in [[Lille]], some years before 1128.

Little is known of his life. He seems to have taught in the schools of [[Paris]], and he attended the [[Third Council of the Lateran|Lateran Council]] in [[1179]]. He afterwards inhabited [[Montpellier]] (he is sometimes called '''Alanus de Montepessulano'''), lived for a time outside the walls of any cloister, and finally retired to [[Citeaux]], where he died in 1202.

He had a very widespread reputation during his lifetime and his knowledge, more varied than profound, caused him to be called ''Doctor universalis''. Among his very numerous works two poems entitle him to a distinguished place in the [[Latin literature]] of the Middle Ages; one of these, the ''De planctu naturae'', is an ingenious satire on the vices of humanity. He created the allegory of grammatical "conjugation" which was to have its successors throughout the Middle Ages. The ''Anticlaudianus'', a treatise on morals as [[Medieval allegory|allegory]], the form of which recalls the pamphlet of Claudian against Rufinus, is agreeably versified and relatively pure in its latinity.

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the [[Scholasticism|scholastic philosophy]]. His [[mysticism]], however, is far from being as absolute as that of the [[Victorines]]. In the ''Anticlaudianus'' he sums up as follows: Reason, guided by prudence, can unaided discover most of the truths of the physical order; for the apprehension of religious truths it must trust to faith. This rule is completed in his treatise, ''Ars catholicae fidei'', as follows: Theology itself may be demonstrated by reason. Alain even ventures an immediate application of this principle, and tries to prove geometrically the dogmas defined in the [[Creed]]. This bold attempt is entirely factitious and verbal, and it is only his employment of various terms not generally used in such a connection ([[axiom]], [[theorem]], [[corollary]], etc.) that gives his treatise its apparent originality.

Alain de Lille has often been confounded with other persons named Alain, in particular with Alain, archbishop of Auxerre, Alan, abbot of Tewkesbury, Alain de Podio, etc. Certain facts of their lives have been attributed to him, as well as some of their works: thus the ''Life of St Bernard'' should be ascribed to Alain of Auxerre and the ''Commentary upon Merlin'' to [[Alan, abbot of Tewkesbury|Alan of Tewkesbury]]. Alan of Lille was not the author of a ''Memoriale rerum difficilium'', published under his name, nor of ''[[Moralium dogma philosophorum]]'', nor of the satirical ''[[Apocalypse of Golias]]'' once attributed to him; and it is exceedingly doubtful whether the ''Dicta Alani de lapide philosophico'' really issued from his pen. On the other hand, it now seems practically demonstrated that Alain de Lille was the author of the ''Ars catholicae fidei'' and the treatise ''Contra haereticos''.

==Quotes==

• God is an intelligible sphere whose centre is everywhere and whose circumference is nowhere.

• Do not hold as gold all that shines as gold.

==References==
*{{1911}}

==External links==
*[http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost12/Alanus/ala_ac00.html Alanus ab Insulis, ''Anticlaudianus sive De officiis viri boni et perfecti'']
*[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/alanus1.html Alanus ab Insulis, ''Liber de planctu naturae]
*[http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Omnis_mundi_creatura Alanus ab Insulis, ''Omnis mundi creatura'']
*Alain de Lille, ''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/alain-deplanctu.html The Complaint of Nature]''

==Further reading==
* Dynes, Wayne R. 'Alan of Lille.' in ''Encyclopedia of Homosexuality'', Garland Publishing, 1990. p. 32.
* {{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kren
| first = Claudia
| title = Alain de Lille
| encyclopedia = [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]
| volume = 1
| pages = 91-92
| publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
| location = New York
| date = 1970
| isbn = 0684101149
}}

{{Medieval Philosophy}}

[[Category:12th century philosophers]]
[[Category:1128 births]]
[[Category:1202 deaths]]
[[Category:12th century Latin writers]]
[[Category:French theologians]]
[[Category:Scholastic philosophers]]

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