{|align=right
|{{Infobox_Monarch | name =Alfonso XIII, King of Spain
| title =King of Spain
| image =[[Image:Alfonso XIII de España (cropped).jpg|200px]]
| caption =
| reign =[[May 17]], [[1886]] - [[April 14]], [[1931]]
| coronation =
| predecessor =[[Alfonso XII, King of Spain|Alfonso XII]]
| successor =Monarchy abolished<br>[[De Facto]] [[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]] (as President of Spain)<br>[[De Jure]] [[Juan III]]
| suc-type =
| heir =
| consort =[[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]]
| issue =[[Alfonso of Spain, Prince of Asturias|Alfonso]], [[Infante Jaime of Spain, Duke of Segovia|Jaime]], [[Infanta Beatriz of Spain|Beatriz]], [[Infante Fernando of Spain|Fernando]], [[Infanta Maria Christina of Spain|Maria Christina]], [[Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona|Juan]], [[Infante Gonzalo of Spain|Gonzalo]]
| royal house =[[House of Bourbon]]
| royal anthem =
| father =[[Alfonso XII of Spain]]
| mother =[[Maria Christina of Austria]]
| date of birth ={{birth date|1886|5|17|mf=y}}
| place of birth =[[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| date of death ={{death date and age|1941|2|28|1886|5|17|mf=y}}
| place of death =[[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| buried =
|}}
|-
|{{House of Bourbon, before King Juan Carlos (Coat of arms Change)}}
|}
'''Alfonso XIII''' (''Alfonso León Fernando Maria Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbon y Hapsburg'') ([[May 17]], [[1886]] – [[February 28]], [[1941]]), [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]], posthumous son of [[Alfonso XII of Spain]], was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, [[Maria Christina of Austria|Queen Maria Christina]], was appointed [[regent]] during his minority. In 1902, on attaining his 16th year, the King assumed control of the state.
==Reign==
During his reign [[Spain]] lost its last colonies in the Americas ([[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]) and the [[Philippines]], lost several wars in North Africa; witnessed the start of the [[Spanish Generation of 1927]], and endured the dictatorship of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], which ultimately cost him the throne.
[[Image:Alfonso XIII de España (1901).jpg|thumb|left|<center>Alfonso XIII, 1901</center>]]
During the [[World War I|First World War]], despite his family connections with both sides and the division of popular opinion, Spain remained neutral. The king ran an office for captives from the [[Palacio Real|Palacio de Oriente]], that leveraged the Spanish diplomatic and military network abroad to intercede for thousands of prisoners of war, receiving and answering letters from all Europe.
He was a promoter of tourism in Spain. The problems with the lodging of his wedding guests prompted the construction of the luxury [[Hotel Palace]] in Madrid. He also supported the creation of a network of state-run lodges ([[Parador]]) in historic buildings of Spain. His fondness for the sport of football led to the patronage of several "royal" football clubs like [[Real Sociedad]], [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], [[Real Betis]] and [[Real Unión]].
In approximately 1926, the King commissioned three private erotic movies whose English titles are ''The Minister'', ''The Confessor'', and ''The Women's Doctor''. These movies can be seen at the [[Barcelona]] Museum of the Erotic.
When the [[Second Spanish Republic]] was proclaimed on [[April 14]] [[1931]], he left Spain, but did not abdicate the throne. He settled eventually in [[Rome]] where he lived in the [[Grand Hotel (Rome)|Grand Hotel]].
Once the [[Spanish Civil War]] broke out, Alfonso made it clear he favoured the military uprising against the [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] government, but General [[Francisco Franco]] in September 1936 declared that the Nationalists would never accept Alfonso as king (the supporters of the rival [[Carlist]] pretender made an important part of the Franco army). First he went into exile in [[France]]. However, he sent his son [[Juan de Borbon, Count of Barcelona]] to enter Spain in 1936 and participate in the uprising. However, near the French border, General [[Emilio Mola|Mola]] had him arrested and expelled from the country.
On [[15 January]], [[1941]], Alfonso XIII abdicated his rights to the Spanish throne in favour of his fourth, but second surviving, son [[Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona|Juan]], father of the current king [[Juan Carlos of Spain|Juan Carlos]].
Alfonso died in [[Rome]] in 1941. The Spanish government ordered three days of national mourning.<ref>"Mourning in Spain", ''The Times'' (March 3, 1941): 3.</ref> His funeral was held in Rome in the Church of [[Santa Maria degli Angeli]]. He was buried in the Church of [[Santa Maria di Monserrato]], the Spanish national church in Rome, immediately below the tombs of [[Pope Calixtus III]] and [[Pope Alexander VI]].<ref>"Italians to Mourn Death of Alfonso", ''The New York Times'' (March 2, 1941): 36.</ref> In January 1980 his remains were transferred to [[El Escorial]] in Spain.<ref>"21 Guns for Dead King's Homecoming", ''The Times'' (January 21, 1980): 4.</ref>
==Marriage and children==
On [[May 31]], [[1906]] Alfonso married Scottish-born [[Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]] (1887-1969), a niece of King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] and a granddaughter of Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom]]. A [[Serene Highness]] by birth, Ena, as she was known, was raised to Royal Highness status a month before her wedding to prevent the union from being viewed as unequal. As Alfonso XIII and Ena were returning from the wedding they narrowly escaped the assassination attempted by the [[Anarchism|anarchist]] [[Mateu Morral]]; instead, the bomb explosion killed or injured many bystanders and members of the royal procession.
Alfonso and Ena had seven children:
* [[Alfonso of Spain, Prince of Asturias|Infante ''Alfonso'' Pio Cristino Eduardo Francisco Guillermo Carlos Enrique Fernando Antonio Venancio of Spain]], [[Prince of Asturias]] ([[1907]]-[[1938]]), a [[hemophiliac]], he renounced his rights to the throne in 1933 to marry a commoner, [[Edelmira Ignacia Adriana Sampedro-Robato]], and became Count of [[Covadonga]]. He later remarried to Marta Esther Rocafort y Altazarra, but had no issue by either of them.
* [[Infante Jaime of Spain, Duke of Segovia|Infante ''Jaime'' Luitpold Isabelino Enrique Alberto Alfonso Victor Acacio Pedro Maria of Spain]] ([[1908]]-[[1975]]), a [[deaf-mute]] as the result of a childhood operation, he renounced his rights to the throne in 1933 and became Duke of [[Segovia]], and later Duke of Madrid, and who, as a [[legitimist]] [[pretender]] to the French throne from 1941 to 1975, was known as the Duke of [[Anjou]].
* [[Infanta Beatriz of Spain|Infanta ''Beatríz'' Isabela Federica Alfonsa Eugenia Cristina Maria Teresa Bievenida Ladisláa of Spain]] ([[1909]]-[[2002]]), who married [[Don Alessandro Torlonia, 5th Prince di Civitella-Cesi]].
* Infante Fernando, [[stillborn]] (1910)
* [[Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain|Infanta ''Maria Cristina'' Teresa Alejandra Guadalupe Maria de la Concepción Vittoria Eugenia of Spain]] ([[1911]]-[[1996]]), who married Enrico Eugenio Marone-Cinzano, 1st Conte di Marone.
* Infante [[Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona|Juan Carlos Teresa Silvestre Alfonso of Spain]] ([[1913]]-[[1993]]), named heir to the throne and Count of Barcelona, whose son is current king [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]].
* [[Infante Gonzalo of Spain|Infante Gonzalo Manuel Maria Bernardo Narciso Alfonso Mauricio of Spain]] ([[1914]]-[[1934]]), a hemophiliac.
The king also had three illegitimate children:
*By French aristocrat Mélanie de Gaufridy de Dortan:
** Roger Leveque de Vilmorin (1905-1980)
*By Spanish actress Carmen Ruíz Moragas:
** Ana María Teresa Ruíz Moragas (born in [[1926]], died 19??). Married and had issue.
** Leandro Alfonso Ruíz Moragas (born in [[1929]]), officially recognized by Spanish courts on [[May 21]] [[2003]] as Leandro Alfonso de Borbón Ruíz. Has married twice and has issue.
==Ancestors==
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<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead">'''Ancestors of Alfonso XIII of Spain'''
</div>
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|1= 1. '''Alfonso XIII of Spain'''
|2= 2. [[Alfonso XII of Spain]]
|3= 3. [[Maria Christina of Austria]]
|4= 4. [[Francis of Spain]]
|5= 5. [[Isabella II of Spain]]
|6= 6. [[Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria]]
|7= 7. [[Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria]]
|8= 8. [[Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies]]
|10= 10. [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]]
|12= 12. [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]]
|13= 13. [[Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg]]
|14= 14. [[Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary]]
|15= 15. [[Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg]]
|16= 16. [[Charles IV of Spain]]
|17= 17. [[Maria Luisa of Parma]]
|18= 18. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]]
|19= 19. [[Maria Isabella of Spain]]
|20= 20. [[Charles IV of Spain]] (= #16)
|21= 21. [[Maria Luisa of Parma]](= #17)
|22= 22. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]] (= #18)
|23= 23. [[Maria Isabella of Spain]] (= #19)
|24= 24. [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|25= 25. [[Maria Louisa of Spain (1745-1792)|Maria Louisa of Spain]]
|26= 26. [[Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg]]
|27= 27. Countess Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg
|28= 28. [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (= #24)
|29= 29. [[Maria Louisa of Spain (1745-1792)|Maria Louisa of Spain]] (= #25)
|30= 30. [[Duke Louis of Württemberg]]
|31= 31. [[Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg (1780-1857)|Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg]]
}}</center>
</div></div>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* [[Winston Churchill|Churchill, Winston]]. ''Great Contemporaries''. London: T. Butterworth, 1937. Contains the most famous single account of Alfonso in the English language. The author, writing shortly after the Spanish Civil War began, retained considerable fondness for the ex-sovereign.
* Collier, William Miller. ''[http://www.openlibrary.org/details/atcourtofhiscath00collrich At the Court of His Catholic Majesty]''. Chicago: McClurg, 1912. The author was American ambassador to Spain from 1905 to 1909.
* Noel, Gerard. ''Ena: Spain's English Queen''. London: Constable, 1985. Considerably more candid than Petrie about Alfonso the private man, and about the miseries the royal family experienced because of their hemophiliac children.
* [[Charles Petrie|Petrie, Charles]]. ''King Alfonso XIII and His Age''. London: Chapman & Hall, 1963. Written as it was during Queen Ena's lifetime, this book necessarily omits the King's extramarital affairs; but it remains a useful biography, not least because the author knew Alfonso quite well, interviewed him at considerable length, and relates him to the Spanish culture of his time.
* Pilapil, Vicente R. ''Alfonso XIII''. Twayne's rulers and statesmen of the world series 12. New York: Twayne, 1969.
* Sencourt, Robert. ''King Alfonso: A Biography''. London: Faber, 1942.
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon]]|May 17|1886|February 28|1941|[[Capetian dynasty]]}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]|years=[[May 17]], [[1886]] – [[April 14]], [[1931]]|regent1=[[Maria Christina of Austria]]|years1=[[May 17]], [[1886]] – [[1902]]}}
{{s-vac|reason=[[Second Spanish Republic|Second Spanish Republic declared]]|next=[[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]}}
|-
{{s-off|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]]<br><small>as [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]</small>}}
{{s-ttl|title=Head of State of Spain<br><small>as [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]</small>|years=[[May 17]], [[1886]] – [[April 14]], [[1931]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]]<br><small>as [[President of Spain]]</small>}}
{{s-pre|}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]|years=[[April 14]], [[1931]] – [[15 January]], [[1941]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona|Juan III]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime|Alphonse II]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of France]] and [[List of Navarrese monarchs|Navarre]]|title2=[[Legitimists|Legitimist pretender to the French throne]]|years=[[September 29]], [[1936]] – [[February 29]], [[1941]]|reason=[[July Revolution|Bourbon monarchy deposed in 1830]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia|Jacques II]]}}
{{end}}
{{Monarchs of Spain}}
{{French Pretenders}}
{{Legitimist Pretenders since 1792}}
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[[Category:1886 births|Alfonso XIII of Spain]]
[[Category:1941 deaths|Alfonso XIII of Spain]]
[[ca:Alfons XIII d'Espanya]]
[[da:Alfons 13. af Spanien]]
[[de:Alfons XIII. (Spanien)]]
[[et:Alfonso XIII]]
[[el:Αλφόνσος ΙΓ' της Ισπανίας]]
[[es:Alfonso XIII de España]]
[[eo:Alfonso la 13-a (Hispanio)]]
[[eu:Alfontso XIII.a Espainiakoa]]
[[fr:Alphonse XIII d'Espagne]]
[[gl:Afonso XIII de España]]
[[hr:Alfons XIII.]]
[[it:Alfonso XIII di Spagna]]
[[he:אלפונסו השלושה עשר, מלך ספרד]]
[[ka:ალფონსო XIII (ესპანეთი)]]
[[la:Alphonsus XIII (rex Hispaniae)]]
[[lv:Alfonso XIII]]
[[nl:Alfons XIII van Spanje]]
[[ja:アルフォンソ13世 (スペイン王)]]
[[no:Alfonso XIII av Spania]]
[[oc:Anfós XIII d'Espanha]]
[[pl:Alfons XIII Hiszpański]]
[[pt:Afonso XIII de Espanha]]
[[ro:Alfonso al XIII-lea al Spaniei]]
[[ru:Альфонс XIII]]
[[fi:Alfonso XIII]]
[[sv:Alfons XIII av Spanien]]
[[tr:XIII. Alfonso]]
[[uk:Альфонс XIII (король Іспанії)]]
[[zh:阿方索十三世]]