[[Image:Anders Celsius.jpg|thumb|right|213px|Anders Celsius]]
[[Image:UppsalaCelsiusObservatory Busser.jpg|thumb|The observatory of Anders Celsius, from a contemporary engraving.]]
'''Anders Celsius''' ([[November 27]], [[1701]] – [[April 25]], [[1744]]) was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[astronomy|astronomer]].
Celsius was born in [[Uppsala]] in [[Sweden]]. He was professor of astronomy at [[Uppsala University]] from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in [[Germany]], [[Italy]] and [[France]].

At [[Nuremberg]] in 1733 he published a collection of 316 observations of the [[aurora borealis]] made by himself and others over the period 1716-1732. In [[Paris]] he advocated the measurement of an arc of the meridian in [[Laponia (historical province)|Lapland]], and in 1736 took part in the expedition organized for that purpose by the [[French Academy of Sciences]], led by the [[France|French]] mathematician [[Pierre Louis Maupertuis]].

Celsius founded the [[Uppsala Astronomical Observatory]] in 1741, and in 1742 he proposed the [[Celsius]] [[temperature]] scale in a paper to the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. His thermometer had 100 for the freezing point of water and 0 for the boiling point. The scale was reversed by [[Carolus Linnaeus]] in 1745, to how it is today<ref name=reversed>[http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/life/6_32.html Linnaeus' thermometer]</ref>.

Anders Celsius was the first to perform and publish careful experiments aiming at the definition of an international [[temperature]] [[Celsius|scale]] on scientific grounds. In his Swedish paper "Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer" he reports on experiments to check that the freezing point is independent of latitude (and of atmospheric pressure). He determined the dependence of the boiling of water with atmospheric pressure (in excellent agreement with modern data). He further gave a rule for the determination of the boiling point if the barometric pressure deviates from a certain standard pressure<ref name=history>[http://www.astro.uu.se/history/celsius_scale.html History of the Celsius temperature scale]</ref>.

In 1744 he died of [[tuberculosis]] in [[Uppsala]], and was buried in the [[Gamla Uppsala#The Church|Old Uppsala Church]].

The [[Celsius (crater)|Celsius crater]] on the [[Moon]] is named after him.
== References ==
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[[Category:Swedish astronomers]]
[[Category:Deaths by tuberculosis]]
[[Category:People from Uppsala]]
[[Category:Uppsala University alumni]]
[[Category:1701 births]]
[[Category:1744 deaths]]

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