[[Image:Andreas Getrude Ungarn.jpg|thumb|Andrew II of Hungary with queen Gertrude von Andechs-Meranien]]
'''Andrew II''', called '''the Jerosolimitan''' ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''András'' or ''Endre'', [[Slovak language|Slovak]]: ''Ondrej'', [[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''Andrija I.'') (c. [[1175]] – [[October 26]], [[1235]]) was king of [[Hungary]] from [[1205]] until [[1235]] as a member of [[Árpád dynasty]].
Andrew was a son of King [[Béla III of Hungary|Bela III]]. Even after his unsuccessful rebellion against his brother he was named [[regent]] by his older brother [[Emeric of Hungary|Emeric]] for the minority of Ladislaus III. He succeeded his nephew, the infant [[Ladislaus III of Hungary|Ladislaus III]] after his death, as King of Hungary in 1205.
Few other royal reigns were as detrimental to the Hungarian realm as Andrew's. Valiant, enterprising, pious as he was, all these fine qualities were ruined by a reckless good nature which never thought of the future. He declared in a decree that the generosity of a king should be limitless, and he followed this principle throughout his reign. He gave away everything - money, villages, domains, whole counties - to the utter impoverishment of the treasury, thereby rendering the crown, for the first time in Hungarian history, dependent upon the great [[nobility]] eager for personal gain.
In all matters of government, Andrew was equally reckless and haphazard. He was directly responsible for the beginnings of the feudal anarchy which led to the extinction of the Árpáds [[dynasty]] at the end of the 13th century. The great nobles did not even respect the lives of the royal family, for Andrew was recalled from a futile attempt to reconquer [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] through the murder of his first wife [[Gertrude of Merania]] in 1213 by rebellious nobles jealous of the influence of her relatives.
In 1215 he married Iolanthe ([[Yolande de Courtenay]]) of [[France]], but in 1217 was compelled by [[Pope Honorius III]] to lead the [[Fifth Crusade]] to the [[Holy Land]], which he undertook in hopes of being elected [[Latin Empire|Latin emperor]] of [[Constantinople]]. The crusade was not popular in Hungary, but Andrew contrived to collect 15,000 men together, whom he led to [[Venice]]. In order to finance his crusade he had to appoint [[Muslim]] businessmen to important economic positions. He was accused of giving his kingdom to the hands of Muslims in order to free a far away land from them. After the surrender of Hungarian claims on Zara ([[Zadar]]), about two-thirds of the crusaders were conveyed to [[Acre (city)|Acre]]. Nevertheless the whole expedition was a forlorn hope. The [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] was by this time reduced to a strip of coast about 440 mi² in extent, and after a drawn battle with the [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] on the [[Jordan River]] on [[November 10]], [[1217]] and fruitless assaults on the fortresses of the [[Lebanon]] and on [[Mount Tabor]], Andrew started home ([[January 18]], [[1218]]) through Antioch ([[Antakya]]), Iconium ([[Konya]]), Constantinople, and [[Bulgaria]]. On his return he found the feudal barons in the ascendant, and they extorted from him the [[Golden Bull of 1222|Golden Bull]].
He invited to the kingdom the [[Teutonic Order]] and offered them lands in Transylvania to defend the borders from the nomadic [[Cumans]]. But he had to expel them in 1225, because they tried to form an independent principality from the lands given to them.
Andrew's last exploit was to defeat an invasion of [[Frederick II of Austria|Frederick II]] of [[Austria]] in 1234. That same year he married his third wife, Beatrice of [[Este]].
==Family==
Andrew had five children by his first wife, [[Gertrude of Meran]]:
# [[Anna Maria of Hungary]] (1203-1221), married Tsar [[Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria]]
# [[Bela IV of Hungary]] (1206-1270)
# [[Elisabeth of Hungary|Saint Elizabeth of Hungary]] (1207-1231)
# [[Prince Kálmán|Kálmán]], Duke of [[Slavonia]] and king of [[Halych-Volhynia]] (Galicia) for a few years (1208-1241)
# András, King of [[Halych-Volhynia]] (Galicia) (1210-1234)
From his second marriage to [[House of Courtenay|Yolande de Courtenay]], he had one daughter:
# [[Violant of Hungary]] (1215-1251), married [[James I of Aragon]]
Andrew's third marriage to Beatrice [[d'Este]] produced one posthumous son:
# István (1236-1271), who was himself father of King [[Andrew III of Hungary]]
==Ancestors==
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<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead">'''Ancestors of Andrew II of Hungary'''
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|1= 1. '''Andrew II of Hungary'''
|2= 2. [[Bela III of Hungary]]
|3= 3. [[Agnes of Antioch]]
|4= 4. [[Geza II of Hungary]]
|5= 5. [[Euphrosyne of Kiev]]
|6= 6. [[Raynald of Châtillon]]
|7= 7. [[Constance of Antioch]]
|8= 8. [[Bela II of Hungary]]
|9= 9. [[Helena of Serbia]]
|10= 10. [[Mstislav I of Kiev]]
|11= 11. Ljubava Dmitrijevna
|12= 12. Henri de Châtillon
|13= 13. Ermengarde de Montjay
|14= 14. [[Bohemond II of Antioch]]
|15= 15. [[Alice of Antioch|Alice of Jerusalem]]
|16= 16. [[Prince Álmos]]
|17= 17. [[Predslava of Kiev]]
|18= 18. [[Uroš I of Serbia]]
|19= 19. Anna
|20= 20. [[Vladimir II Monomach]]
|21= 21. [[Gytha of Wessex]]
|22= 22. Dmitrij Zavidich
|23= 23. ?
|24= 24. Gaucher de Châtillon
|25= 25. ?
|26= 26. Aubry de Montjay
|27= 27. ?
|28= 28. [[Bohemond I of Antioch]]
|29= 29. [[Constance of France]]
|30= 30. [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]]
|31= 31. [[Morphia of Melitene]]
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==References==
* {{1911}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[King of Hungary]]|before=[[Ladislaus III of Hungary|Ladislaus III]]|years=[[1205]]–[[1235]]|after=[[Bela IV of Hungary|Béla IV]]
{{succession box |
title=[[List of rulers of Croatia|King of Croatia]] |
before=[[Ladislaus III of Hungary|Ladislaus II]] |
after=[[Bela IV of Hungary|Béla III]] |
years=1205–1235
}}}}
{{end box}}
[[Category:Hungarian monarchs]]
[[Category:House of Árpád]]
[[Category:People of the Fifth Crusade (Christians)]]
[[Category:1175 births|Andrew II of Hungary]]
[[Category:1235 deaths|Andrew II of Hungary]]
[[cs:Ondřej II.]]
[[de:Andreas II. (Ungarn)]]
[[el:Ανδρέας Β' της Ουγγαρίας]]
[[es:Andrés II de Hungría]]
[[eo:Andreo la 2-a (Hungario)]]
[[fr:André II de Hongrie]]
[[hr:Andrija II.]]
[[it:Andrea II d'Ungheria]]
[[hu:II. András]]
[[nl:Andreas II van Hongarije]]
[[ja:エンドレ2世]]
[[pl:Andrzej II Arpadowicz]]
[[pt:André II da Hungria]]
[[ro:Andrei al II-lea al Ungariei]]
[[ru:Андраш II]]
[[sk:Ondrej II. (Uhorsko)]]
[[fi:Andreas II]]
[[sv:Andreas II av Ungern]]
[[zh:安德烈二世]]