Angola

{{otheruses1|the country in Africa}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name =''República de Angola''
|conventional_long_name =Republic of Angola
|common_name =Angola
|image_flag =Flag of Angola.svg
|image_coat =Coat of arms of Angola.svg
|national_motto =''"Virtus Unita Fortior"''{{spaces|2}}([[Latin language|Latin]]) "Unity Provides Strength"
|image_map =LocationAngola.svg
|national_anthem =''[[Angola Avante|Angola Avante!]]''{{spaces|2}}([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) ''Forward Angola!''
|official_languages =[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|regional_languages =[[Kongo language|Kongo]], [[Chokwe language|Chokwe]], [[Umbundu language|South Mbundu]], [[Kimbundu|Mbundu]]
|capital =[[Luanda]]
|latd=8 |latm=50 |latNS=S |longd=13 |longm=20 |longEW=E
|largest_city =capital
|government_type =[[Presidential system|Presidential]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 =[[President of Angola|President]]
|leader_title2 =[[Prime Minister of Angola|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name1 =[[José Eduardo dos Santos|José E. dos Santos]]
|leader_name2 =[[Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos|Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos]]
|area_km2 =1246700
|area_sq_mi =481354 
|area_rank =23rd
|area_magnitude =1 E12
|percent_water =negligible
|population_estimate =15,941,000
|population_estimate_year =2005
|population_estimate_rank =61st
|population_census =5,646,177
|population_census_year =1970
|population_density_km2 =13
|population_density_sq_mi =34 
|population_density_rank =199th
|GDP_PPP_year =2005
|GDP_PPP =$43.362 billion
|GDP_PPP_rank =82nd
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =$2,813
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =126th
|HDI_year =2007
|HDI ={{increase}}0.446
|HDI_rank =162nd
|HDI_category =low
|sovereignty_type =[[Independence]]
|sovereignty_note =from [[Portugal]]
|established_event1 =Date
|established_date1 =[[November 11]] [[1975]]
|currency =[[Kwanza]]
|currency_code =AOA
|time_zone =[[West Africa Time|WAT]]
|utc_offset =+1
|time_zone_DST =''not observed''
|utc_offset_DST =+1
|demonym =Angolan
|cctld =[[.ao]]
|calling_code =244
}}

'''Angola''', officially the '''Republic of Angola''' ({{lang-pt|República de Angola}}, [[pronounced]] {{IPA2|ʁɛ'publikɐ dɨ ɐ̃'gɔlɐ}} {{lang-kg|Repubilika ya Ngola}}), is a country in south-central [[Africa]] bordering [[Namibia]] to the south, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to the north, and [[Zambia]] to the east, and with a west coast along the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] province [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]] has a border with the [[Republic of the Congo]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. A former [[Portuguese colony]], it has considerable natural resources, most notably [[petroleum]] and [[diamond]]s. The country is nominally a [[democracy]].

==History==
{{main|History of Angola}}
[[Image:Queen Nzinga 1657.png|thumb|left|Queen Nzinga in peace negotiations with the Portuguese governor in Luanda, 1657.]]
The earliest people of the area were [[Khoisan]] [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They were largely replaced by [[Bantu]] tribes during Bantu [[human migration|migrations]], though small numbers of Khoisan remain in parts of southern Angola to the present day. The geographical areas now designated as Angola first became the subject to incursions by Europeans in the late 15th century. In 1483 Portugal established a base at the [[Congo river|river Congo]], where the [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] State, [[Ndongo]] and [[Lunda]] existed. The Kongo State stretched from modern [[Gabon]] in the north to the [[Kwanza River]] in the south. In 1575 Portugal established a colony at [[Cabinda]] based on slave trade. Before the beginning of the [[Atlantic slave trade]], [[slavery]] was practiced in Africa by many indigenous peoples. The [[African slave trade]] provided a large number of black slaves to Europeans and their African agents. For example, in what is now current day Angola, the [[Imbangala]] had economies which were heavily focused on the slave trade.<ref name="a">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=Adu Boahen|title=Topics In West African History|pages=110}}</ref><ref name=b>{{cite web|author=Kwaku Person-Lynn|year=|url=http://www.africawithin.com/kwaku/afrikan_involvement.htm|title=Afrikan Involvement In Atlantic Slave Trade|format=HTML|accessdate=2007-11-25|accessyear=2007}}</ref> The Portuguese gradually took control of the coastal strip throughout the sixteenth century by a series of treaties and wars forming the country of Angola. The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] occupied Luanda from 1641 to 1648, where they allied with local peoples to consolidate their colonial rule against the remaining Portuguese resistance.

===Colonial era===
{{Main|Colonial history of Angola}}
In 1648, Portugal retook Luanda and initiated a process of reconquest of lost territories, which restored the pre-occupation possessions of Portugal by 1650. Treaties regulated relations with Congo in 1649 and Njinga's Kingdom of Matamba and Ndongo in 1656. The conquest of Pungo Andongo in 1671 was the last great Portuguese expansion, as attempts to invade Congo in 1670 and Matamba in 1681 failed. Portugal expanded its territory behind the colony of Benguela in the eighteenth century, and began the attempt to occupy other regions in the mid-nineteenth century. The process resulted in few gains until the 1880s. Full Portuguese administrative control of the interior didn't occur until the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1951, the colony was designated as an overseas province, called Portuguese West Africa. Portugal had a presence in Angola for nearly five hundred years, and the population's initial reaction to calls for independence was mixed.

===Independence===
{{Main|Carnation Revolution|Alvor Accords}}
Leftist military officers overthrew the [[Marcelo Caetano|Caetano government]] in Portugal in the [[Carnation Revolution]] on [[April 25]], [[1974]]. The transitional government opened negotiations with the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA, concluding separate peace agreements with each organization. With Portugal out of the picture, the liberation movements turned on each other, fighting for control of [[Luanda]] and international recognition. [[Holden Roberto]], [[Agostinho Neto]], and [[Jonas Savimbi]] met in [[Bukavu]], [[Zaire]] in July and agreed to negotiate with the Portuguese as one political entity. They met again in [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]] on [[January 5]], [[1975]] and agreed to stop fighting each other, further outlining constitutional negotiations with the Portuguese. They met for a third time in [[Algarve|Alvor]], [[Portugal]] from [[January 10]]-[[January 15|15]].<ref name="rothschild">{{cite book|last=Rothschild|first=Donald S.|year=1997|title= Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation|pages=116}}</ref>

Roberto, Neto, Savimbi, and the Portuguese government signed the [[Alvor Agreement]] on [[January 15]], setting [[November 11]] as the date for independence. ''Alvor'' marked Angola’s transition from the war for independence to the war for Luanda. Portuguese authorities deliberately excluded the [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]] (FLEC) and [[Eastern Revolt]] from participating in the negotiations to ensure Angola’s territorial integrity, in direct opposition to the [[António de Spínola|de Spínola]]’s plans for Angola.<ref name=“deplan”>Spínola met with President Mobutu of Zaire, on September 15, 1974 on Sal island in the [[Cape Verdes]], crafting a plan to empower Roberto, Savimbi, and Daniel Chipenda of the Eastern Revolt. Mobutu and Spínola wanted to diminish Neto's standing and present Chipenda as the MPLA head. Mobutu particularly preferred Chipenda to Neto because Chipenda supported autonomy for Cabinda and Neto did not. The Angolan exclave has immense petroleum reserves estimated at around 300 million tons which Zaire, and thus the Mobutu government, depended on for economic survival.</ref> The coalition government the Alvor Agreement established soon fell as nationalist factions, doubting one another's commitment to the peace process, tried to take control of the colony by force.<ref name="rothschild"/><ref name="flec">{{cite book|last=Tvedten|first=Inge|year=1997|title=Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction|pages=36}}</ref>

===Civil war===
{{Main|Angolan Civil War}}
The civil war, one of the largest [[Cold War]] conflicts, lasted 27 years, ravaging the economy. Over 500,000 people lost their lives, mostly in the 1990s, as the three main factions and several smaller ones struggled for supremacy. Today, all parties to conflict are active politically, but the [[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]]'s (MPLA) victory in the war prevents any opposition candidate or ethnic group from challenging [[José Eduardo dos Santos|dos Santos]] and the Kimbundu’s "[[de facto]] " control of the country. The MPLA’s base is among the [[Kimbundu]] people and the multiracial [[intelligentsia]] of [[Luanda]]. The [[National Liberation Front of Angola]] (FNLA), based in the [[Bakongo]] region of the north, allied with the [[United States]], the [[People's Republic of China]] and the [[Mobutu]] government in [[Zaïre]]. The [[United States]], [[apartheid]] [[South Africa]], and several other African nations also supported [[Jonas Savimbi]]'s [[National Union for the Total Independence of Angola]] (UNITA), whose ethnic and regional base lies in the [[Ovimbundu]] heartland of central Angola.<ref name="b">{{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Thomas M.|year=2006|title=Encyclopedia of the Developing World|pages=1292}}</ref><ref name="d">{{cite book|last=Scherrer|first=Christian P.|year=2002|title=Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War|pages=335}}</ref><ref name="angolagate">{{cite web|author=Wayne Madsen|year=2002|url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=2576|title=Report Alleges US Role in Angola Arms-for-Oil Scandal|format=HTML|publisher=CorpWatch|accessdate=2007-09-04|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

===Ceasefire with UNITA===
{{Main|2000s in Angola}}
On [[February 22]] [[2002]], [[Jonas Savimbi]], the leader of UNITA, was killed in combat with government troops, and a cease-fire was reached by the two factions. UNITA gave up its armed wing and assumed the role of major opposition party. Although the political situation of the country began to stabilize, President dos Santos has so far refused to institute regular democratic processes. Among Angola's major problems are a serious humanitarian crisis (a result of the prolonged war), the abundance of [[minefield]]s, and the actions of guerrilla movements fighting for the independence of the northern exclave of [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]] ([[Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda]]). While most of the internally displaced have now returned home, the general situation for most Angolans remains desperate, and the development facing the government challenging as a consequence.<ref>Lari (2004), Human Rights Watch (2005)</ref>

==Politics==
{{main|Politics of Angola}}
Angola's motto is ''Virtus Unita Fortior'', a [[Latin]] phrase meaning "Virtue is stronger when united." The executive branch of the government is composed of the President, the Prime Minister (currently [[Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos]]) and Council of Ministers. Currently, political power is concentrated in the Presidency. The Council of Ministers, composed of all government ministers and vice ministers, meets regularly to discuss policy issues. Governors of the 18 provinces are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the president. The Constitutional Law of 1992 establishes the broad outlines of government structure and delineates the rights and duties of citizens. The legal system is based on Portuguese and customary law but is weak and fragmented, and courts operate in only twelve of more than 140 municipalities. A Supreme Court serves as the appellate tribunal; a Constitutional Court with powers of judicial review has never been constituted despite statutory authorization. Critics have drawn an ironic comparison between Angola's current one-party rule and the authoritarian government of [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] of Portugal, under whose rule Angolans began their revolt for independence.

The current government has announced an intention to hold elections in 2009. These elections would be the first since 1992 and would serve to elect both a new president and a new National Assembly. {{seealso|List of political parties in Angola}}

==Administrative divisions==
[[Image:Angola Provinces numbered 300px.png|right|200px|Map of Angola with the provinces numbered]]
{{main|Provinces of Angola|Municipalities of Angola}}
Angola is divided into [[Provinces of Angola|eighteen provinces]] (''províncias'') and [[Municipalities of Angola|163 municipalities]].<ref>{{cite web|author=|year=|url=http://www.angola.org.uk/facts_government.htm|title=Virtual Angola Facts and Statistics|accessdate=2007-10-30|format=|work=}}</ref> The provinces are:
<table><td><ol>
<li> [[Bengo (province)|Bengo]]
<li> [[Benguela Province|Benguela]]
<li> [[Bié (province)|Bié]]
<li> [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]]
<li> [[Cuando Cubango]]
<li> [[Cuanza Norte]]
<li> [[Cuanza Sul]]
<li> [[Cunene (province)|Cunene]]
<li> [[Huambo Province|Huambo]]
</ol></td><td><ol start=10>
<li> [[Huila Province|Huila]]
<li> [[Luanda Province|Luanda]]
<li> [[Lunda Norte]]
<li> [[Lunda Sul]]
<li> [[Malanje Province|Malanje]]
<li> [[Moxico (province)|Moxico]]
<li> [[Namibe Province|Namibe]]
<li> [[Uíge (province)|Uíge]]
<li> [[Zaire Province|Zaire]]
</ol></td></table>

==Military==
{{main|Military of Angola}}
The Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) is headed by a Chief of Staff who reports to the Minister of Defense. There are three divisions--the Army,(Exército), Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MGA), and [[People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola|Air and Air Defense Forces]] (Força Aérea Nacional, FAN). Total manpower is about 110,000. The army is by far the largest of the services with about 100,000 men and women. The Navy numbers about 3,000 and operates several small patrol craft and barges. Air force personnel total about 7,000; its equipment includes [[Russia]]n-manufactured fighters, bombers, and transport planes. There are also, Brazilian made EMB-312 Tucano for Training role, Czech made L-39 for training and bombing role, Czech Zlin for training role and a variety of western made aircraft such as C-212\Aviocar, Sud Aviation Aloutte III, etc. A small number of FAA personnel are stationed in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (Kinshasa) and the [[Republic of the Congo]] (Brazzaville).

==Police==
The National Police departments are: Public Order, Criminal Investigation, Traffic and Transport, Investigation and Inspection of Economic Activities, Taxation and Frontier Supervision, Riot Police and the Rapid Intervention Police. The National Police are in the process of standing up an air wing, which will provide helicopter support for police operations. The National Police are also developing their criminal investigation and forensic capabilities. The National Police has an estimated 6,000 patrol officers, 2,500 Taxation and Frontier Supervision officers, 182 criminal investigators and 100 financial crimes detectives and 90 Economic Activity Inspectors.

The National Police have implemented a modernization and development plan to increase the capabilities and efficiency of the total force. In addition to administrative reorganization; modernization projects include procurement of new vehicles, aircraft and equipment, construction of new police stations and forensic laboratories, restructured training programs and the replacement of AKM rifles with 9 mm UZIs for police officers in urban areas.

==Geography==
{{MapLibrary|Angola_sat.jpg|Angola}}
{{main|Geography of Angola}}
At 481,321 [[square mile]]s (1,246,700 [[Square kilometre|km²]]),[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html] Angola is the world's twenty-third largest country (after [[Niger]]). It is comparable in size to [[Mali]] and is nearly twice the size of the US state of [[Texas]], or five times the area of the [[United Kingdom]].

Angola is bordered by [[Namibia]] to the south, [[Zambia]] to the east, the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to the north-east, and the [[South Atlantic Ocean]] to the west. The [[exclave]] of [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]] also borders the [[Republic of the Congo]] to the north. Angola's capital, [[Luanda]], lies on the Atlantic coast in the north-west of the country. Angola's average temperature on the coast is 60 degrees Fahrenheit (16 °C) in the winter and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 °C) in the summer.

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Angola}}
[[Image:Luanda from Fortaleza Feb 2006.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Luanda is Angola's capital city and economic and commercial hub.]]
Angola's economy has undergone a period of transformation in recent years, moving from the disarray caused by a quarter century of war to being the fastest growing economy in Africa and one of the fastest in the world. In 2004, China's Eximbank approved a $2 billion line of credit to Angola. The loan is being used to rebuild Angola's infrastructure, and has also limited the influence of the [[International Monetary Fund]] in the country.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=|url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460&language_id=1|title=The Increasing Importance of African Oil|work=Power and Interest Report|date=[[March 20]], [[2006]]}}</ref>

Growth is almost entirely driven by rising oil production which surpassed 1.4 million barrels per day in late-2005 and which is expected to grow to 2 million barrels per day by 2007. Control of the oil industry is consolidated in [[Sonangol Group]], a conglomerate which is owned by the Angolan government. In December 2006, Angola was admitted as a member of [[OPEC]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Angola: Country Admitted As Opec Member|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200612140990.html|date=2006-12-14|publisher=Angola Press Agency}}</ref> The economy grew 18% in 2005; growth is expected to reach 26% in 2006 and stay above 10% for the rest of the decade. The security brought about by the 2002 peace settlement has led to the resettlement of 4 million displaced persons, thus resulting in large-scale increases in agriculture production.

The country has developed its economy since political stability arose in 2002. However, it faces huge social and economic problems as a result of an almost continual state of conflict since 1961, although the highest level of destruction and socio-economic damage was reached after the 1975 independence, during the long years of [[Angolan civil war|civil war]]. Rapidly rising production and revenues from the [[oil]] sector have been the main driving forces behind the improvements in overall economic activity - nevertheless, [[poverty]] remains widespread. Anti-corruption watchdog [[Transparency International]] rated Angola one of the 10 most [[corrupt]] countries in the world in 2005. The capital city is the most developed and the only large economic center worth mentioning in the country, however, [[slums]] called ''musseques'', stretch for miles beyond [[Luanda]]'s former city limits.

==Demography==
{{Main|Demography of Angola}}
Angola is composed of [[Ovimbundu]] 37%, [[Kimbundu]] 25%, [[Bakongo]] 13%, ''mestiços'' (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, and 22% 'other' ethnic groups.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html#People</ref>

==Culture==
{{main|Culture of Angola}}
[[Portugal]] ruled over Angola for 400 years and both countries share cultural aspects: language ([[Portuguese Language|Portuguese]]) and main religion ([[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] [[Christianity]]). The Angolan culture is mostly native Bantu which was mixed with [[culture of Portugal|Portuguese culture]].

Once synonymous to slavery, outlaws and violence, [[Capoeira]] is now well known all over the world as an art form, and has fascinated thousands. Capoeira is divided into two parts: Capoeira Regional and Capoeira Angola. Capoeira Regional is a modern and popular form of capoeira. Capoeira Angola is the original form, created in Brazil by African slaves. Capoeira Angola has roots in the wedding rituals of the Bantu tribe, where the Dance of the Zebra, the N´golo, was a sparring between young warriors. That is why the Zebra is part of the Capoeira Angola logo. Capoeira Angola is a sparring between friends, an exciting game in the middle of the "roda," a ring formed by musicians and singers. It is fight, dance, play, music and philosophy, all in one. For years Capoeira was practiced in secrecy and it was not lawful to practice and teach until after the 1930s; forty years after the abolition of slavery. [[Berimbau]] is an instrument related with capoeira, it commands the roda, and determines the kind of fight (Angola or Regional)

==See also==
*[[Angolan Civil War]]
*[[Angolan musicians]]
*[[Angola national football team]]
*[[Angola national basketball team]]
*[[Associação de Escuteiros de Angola]]
*[[Communications in Angola]]
*[[Contemporary Dance Company of Angola]]
*[[Demographics of Angola]]
*[[Foreign relations of Angola]]
*[[Islam in Angola]]
*[[List of Angolan companies]]
*[[List of Angola-related topics]]
*[[List of African writers (by country)#Angola|List of writers from Angola]]
*[[Military of Angola]]
*[[Sonangol Group]]
*[[Transport in Angola]]

==Further reading==
*Le Billon, P. (2005). "Aid in the Midst of Plenty: Oil Wealth, Misery and Advocacy in Angola." Disasters 29(1): 1-25.
*Cilliers, Jackie and Christian Dietrich, Eds. (2000). Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds. Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Security Studies.
*Global Witness (1999). A Crude Awakening, The Role of Oil and Banking Industries in Angola's Civil War and the Plundering of State Assets. London, UK, Global Witness. http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/93/en/a_crude_awakening
*Hodges, T. (2004). Angola: The Anatomy of an Oil State. Oxford, UK and Indianapolis, US, The Fridtjol Nansen Institute & The International African Institute in association with James Currey and Indiana University Press.
*Human Rights Watch (2004). Some Transparency, No Accountability: The Use of Oil Revenues in Angola and Its Impact on Human Rights. New York, Human Rights Watch. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/angola0104/
*Human Rights Watch (2005). Coming Home, Return and Reintegration in Angola. New York, Human Rights Watch. http://hrw.org/reports/2005/angola0305/
*Kevlihan, R. (2003). "Sanctions and humanitarian concerns: Ireland and Angola, 2001-2." Irish Studies in International Affairs 14: 95-106.
*Lari, A. (2004). Returning home to a normal life? The plight of displaced Angolans. Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Security Studies. http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers/85/Paper85.pdf
*Lari, A. and R. Kevlihan (2004). "International Human Rights Protection in Situations of Conflict and Post-Conflict, A Case Study of Angola." African Security Review 13(4): 29-41. http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/ASR/13No4/FLari.pdf
*Le Billon, P. (2001). "Angola’s Political Economy of War: The Role of Oil and Diamonds." African Affairs(100): 55-80.
*Médecins Sans Frontières (2002). Angola: Sacrifice of a People. Luanda, Angola, MSF. http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2002/angola1_10-2002.pdf
*Pinto Escoval [2004): "Staatszerfall im südlichen Afrika. Das Beispiel Angola". Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin
*''Much of the material in these articles comes from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.''
*{{cite book|last=Le Billon|first=P.|title=Fuelling War: Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|month=March|isbn=0415379709}}
*Pearce, J. (2004). "War, Peace and Diamonds in Angola: Popular perceptions of the diamond industry in the Lundas." 2005.African Security Review 13 (2), 2004, pp 51-64. http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/ASR/13No2/AW.pdf
*Porto, J. G. (2003). Cabinda: Notes on a soon to be forgotten war. Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Security Studies. http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers/77/Paper77.html
*Tvedten, I. (1997). Angola, Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction. Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press.
*Vines, A. (1999). Angola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process. New York and London, UK, Human Rights Watch.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Angola}}
;Government
*{{pt icon}} [http://www.angola-portal.ao/PortaldoGoverno/ Republic of Angola] (official government portal)
*{{pt icon}} [http://www.parlamento.ao/ National Assembly of Angola]
*[http://www.angola.org/ Embassy of Angola in Washington DC]
*[http://www.embangola-can.org/ Embassy of Angola in Ottawa, Canada]

;News
*[http://www.CanalAngola.net Canal Angola] News about music from Angola and events, Videos, Mp3
*[http://www.stephanelehr-photos.com/angola/ children of Angola] - a web documentary on the forgotten children of Angola.
*[http://www.newspaperindex.com/en/newspapers/Angola - Newspapers from Angola] - The most important online newspapers from Angola.
*[http://www.mwangole.net/amizades Mwangole Amizades] Angola Dating, relationship, and more
*[http://allafrica.com/angola/ allAfrica - Angola] - News headline links
*[http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/ Angola Press] - Government-controlled news agency (in Portuguese, French and English)
*[http://www.angolaxyami.com/ Angola Xyami - Angola Minha Terra] (in Portuguese)- Reflections end News on new Angola in peace
*[http://www.angonoticias.com/ Angonoticias] (in Portuguese) - A popular news source in Angola
*[http://mangole.hypermart.net Mangole] (in Portuguese) - A full news source in Angola and web directory of Angolan sites online
*[http://www.tpa.ao/ Televisão Pública de Angola] (in Portuguese) - Angola's state-owned national tv station
*[http://www.rna.ao/ Rádio Nacional de Angola] (in Portuguese) - Angola's state-owned national radio station
*[http://www.jornaldeangola.com/ Jornal de Angola] (in Portuguese) - A popular newspaper in Angola
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/02/AR2006090201097.html/ 400 Years Ago] - ''[[Washington Post]]'' news story on the possible fate of the first African slaves taken to US.

;Politics
*[http://www.MPLA.ORG Official webpage of MPLA]
*[http://www.kwacha.net Official webpage of UNITA]
*[http://www.Jmpla.ORG Official webpage of JMPLA]

;Overviews
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1063073.stm BBC - Country profile: ''Angola'']
*{{CIA World Factbook link|ao|Angola}}
*[http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/ao/ US State Department - ''Angola''] includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
*[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/35/36734978.pdf OECD DEV/AfDB - Country Study: ''Angola'']
*[http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/english/regions/africa/ago/index.htm Rural poverty in Angola] ([[IFAD]])
*[http://go.worldbank.org/6LIK1A3SS0 World Bank Country Brief: Angola]

;Directories
*[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/Angola.html Columbia University Libraries - ''Angola''] directory category of the WWW-VL
*[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Angola/ Open Directory Project - ''Angola''] directory category
*[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/angola.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Angola''] directory category
*[http://www.angolinks.com www.angolinks.com - webdirectory of Angolan sites online]
*[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Angola.html Encyclopedia of the Nations: Angola]

;Tourism
*{{wikitravel}}

;Other
*[http://www.uvm.edu/~shali/OliveraAli.pdf Can Corporate Power Transform Equatorial Guinea and Angola?]
*[http://www.flashpoints.info/countries-conflicts/Angola-web/angola_briefing.html Angola Conflict Briefing]
*[http://www.luandamap.com www.luandamap.com - streetsearch in Luanda and other maps related to Angola]
*[http://www.cidadeluanda.com www.cidadeluanda.com - Portal and Directory of Luanda]
*[http://numismondo.com/pm/ago/ Angola Paper Money]

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{{African Union (AU)}}
{{Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)|state=collapsed}}
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{{Niger-Congo-speaking nations}}
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}}


[[Category:Angola| ]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Least Developed Countries]]
[[Category:Portuguese-speaking countries]]


[[af:Angola]]
[[am:አንጎላ]]
[[ar:أنغولا]]
[[an:Angola]]
[[frp:Angola]]
[[ast:Angola]]
[[az:Anqola]]
[[bn:অ্যাঙ্গোলা]]
[[zh-min-nan:Angola]]
[[be-x-old:Анґола]]
[[bs:Angola]]
[[br:Angola]]
[[bg:Ангола]]
[[ca:Angola]]
[[cv:Ангола]]
[[cs:Angola]]
[[cy:Angola]]
[[da:Angola]]
[[pdc:Angola]]
[[de:Angola]]
[[et:Angola]]
[[el:Αγκόλα]]
[[es:Angola]]
[[eo:Angolo]]
[[eu:Angola]]
[[fa:آنگولا]]
[[fo:Angola]]
[[fr:Angola]]
[[fy:Angoala]]
[[ga:Angóla]]
[[gd:Angòla]]
[[gl:Angola]]
[[ko:앙골라]]
[[hy:Անգոլա]]
[[hi:अंगोला]]
[[hr:Angola]]
[[io:Angola]]
[[ilo:Angola]]
[[bpy:এঙ্গোলা]]
[[id:Angola]]
[[ia:Angola]]
[[ie:Angola]]
[[is:Angóla]]
[[it:Angola]]
[[he:אנגולה]]
[[jv:Angola]]
[[kn:ಅಂಗೋಲ]]
[[pam:Angola]]
[[ka:ანგოლა]]
[[kk:Ангола]]
[[kw:Angola]]
[[sw:Angola]]
[[kg:Ngola]]
[[ht:Angola]]
[[ku:Angola]]
[[la:Angolia]]
[[lv:Angola]]
[[lb:Angola]]
[[lt:Angola]]
[[lij:Angòla]]
[[li:Angola]]
[[ln:Angola]]
[[hu:Angola]]
[[mk:Ангола]]
[[mg:Angola]]
[[ml:അംഗോള]]
[[mr:अँगोला]]
[[ms:Angola]]
[[nah:Angollān]]
[[na:Angola]]
[[nl:Angola]]
[[ja:アンゴラ]]
[[no:Angola]]
[[nn:Angola]]
[[nov:Angola]]
[[oc:Angòla]]
[[ng:Angola]]
[[ug:ئانگولا]]
[[ps:آنګولا]]
[[km:អាង់កូឡា]]
[[pms:Angòla]]
[[nds:Angola]]
[[pl:Angola]]
[[pt:Angola]]
[[ro:Angola]]
[[qu:Angula]]
[[ru:Ангола]]
[[se:Angola]]
[[sa:अंगोला]]
[[sq:Angola]]
[[scn:Angola]]
[[simple:Angola]]
[[sk:Angola]]
[[sl:Angola]]
[[sr:Ангола]]
[[sh:Angola]]
[[fi:Angola]]
[[sv:Angola]]
[[tl:Angola]]
[[ta:அங்கோலா]]
[[te:అంగోలా]]
[[tet:Angola]]
[[th:ประเทศแองโกลา]]
[[vi:Angola]]
[[tg:Ангола]]
[[tr:Angola]]
[[uk:Ангола]]
[[vec:Angoła]]
[[vo:Langolän]]
[[wo:Angolaa]]
[[ts:Angola]]
[[yo:Angola]]
[[diq:Angola]]
[[bat-smg:Anguola]]
[[zh:安哥拉]]