[[Image:Aphrodite by Boticelli.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)|The Birth of Venus]]'', (detail) by [[Sandro Botticelli]], [[1485]]]]
{{Greek myth (Olympian)}}
{{otheruses}}
'''Aphrodite''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: '''Ἀφροδίτη'''; [[Latin language|Latin]]: '''''[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]''''') ({{pronEng|ˌæfrəˈdaɪti}}; [[Ancient Greek]]: {{IPA2|apʰɾoˈdiːtɛː}}, [[Modern Greek]]: {{IPA|[afɾoˈðiti]}}) is the classical [[Greek mythology|Greek]] [[goddess]] of [[love]], [[lust]], and [[beauty]]. She was also called '''Kypris''' and '''Cytherea''' after the two places, [[Cyprus]] and [[Cythera]], which claimed her birth. Her [[Roman mythology|Roman]] equivalent is the goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]. [[Myrtle]], [[dove]], [[sparrow]], and [[swan]] are sacred to her.

==Origins==
Aphrodite has numerous equivalents: [[Inanna]] ([[Sumer]]ian counterpart), [[Astarte]] (Syro-Palestinian), [[Turan (mythology)|Turan]] ([[Etruscan mythology|Etruscan]]), and [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] (Roman). She has parallels to Indo-European [[dawn]] goddesses such as [[Ushas]] or [[Aurora (mythology)|Aurora]].

The name {{polytonic|Άφροδίτη}} was connected by [[popular etymology]] with Άφρός (''Aphros'') "foam", interpreting it as "risen from the foam" and embodying it in an [[Etiology#In mythology|etiological myth]] that was already known to [[Hesiod]]<ref>Hesiod, ''[[Theogony]]'', 176ff.</ref>. It has reflexes in [[Messapic]] and [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] (whence ''April''), which were probably borrowed from Greek. Though [[Herodotus]] was aware of the [[Phoenicia]]n origins of Aphrodite,<ref>Herodotus, ''Histories'', I.105 and .131. The traditional resistance of nineteenth-century [[Hellenist]]s to Eastern sources of Greek culture is expressed by A. Enmann, ''Kypros und der Ursprung des Aphroditekultes'' (1881), among others; the series of waves of resistance in favour of a "pure, classical Greece in splendid isolation" (Burkert) is discussed by Walter Burkert in his introduction to ''The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age'' (1992), especially in pp 1-6.</ref> linguistic attempts to derive the name ''Aphrodite'' from Semitic ''Aštoret'', via undocumented Hittite transmission, remain inconclusive. A suggestion by Hammarström<ref>''Glotta'' '''11''', 21 5f.</ref>, rejected by [[Hjalmar Frisk]], connects the name with [[Prytaneis|πρύτανις]], a loan into Greek from a cognate of Etruscan ''(e)pruni'', "lord" or similar. An etymology from Indo-European ''abhor'' "very" + ''dhei'' "to shine" is offered by Mallory and Adams.<ref>Mallory, J.P. and D.Q. Adams. ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture''. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1997.</ref>.

== Worship ==

The epithet ''Aphrodite Acidalia'' was occasionally added to her name, after the spring she used to bathe in, located in [[Boeotia]] ([[Virgil]] I, 720). She was also called ''Kypris'' or ''Cytherea'' after her alleged birth-places in [[Cyprus]] and [[Cythera]], respectively. The island of Cythera was a center of her cult. She was associated with [[Hesperia]] and frequently accompanied by the [[Oread]]s, [[nymph]]s of the mountains.

Aphrodite had a festival of her own, the ''Aphrodisiac'' (also referred to as ''Aphrodisia''), which was celebrated all over Greece but particularly in [[Athens]] and [[Corinth]]. At the temple of Aphrodite on the summit of Acrocorinth (before the Roman destruction of the city in 146 BC) intercourse with her priestesses was considered a method of worshiping Aphrodite. This temple was not rebuilt when the city was reestablished under Roman rule in 44 BC, but it is likely that the fertility rituals continued in the main city near the agora.

Aphrodite was associated with, and often depicted with the [[sea]], [[dolphin]]s, [[dove]]s, [[swan]]s, [[pomegranate]]s, [[apples]], [[myrtle]], [[rose]] and [[Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)|lime]] trees, clams, and pearls

[[Image:Turtle Aphrodite AO20126 mp3h9188.jpg|thumb|left|''Aphrodite Ourania'', draped rather than [[nude]], and with her foot resting on a tortoise ([[Musée du Louvre]])]]

==Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos==

By the late 5th century BC, philosophers might separate Aphrodite into two separate goddesses, not individuated in cult: ''Aphrodite Ourania'', born from the foam after Cronus castrated Uranus, and ''Aphrodite Pandemos'', the common Aphrodite "of all the folk", born from Zeus and [[Dione (mythology)|Dione]].<ref>E.g. [[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 181a-d.</ref> Among the [[neo-Platonist]]s and eventually their Christian interpreters, Aphrodite Ourania figures as the celestial Aphrodite, representing the love of body and soul, while Aphrodite Pandemos is associated with mere physical love. The representation of Aphrodite Ouranos, with a foot resting on a tortoise, was read later as emblematic of discretion in conjugal love; the image is credited to [[Phidias]], in a [[chryselephantine]] sculpture made for [[Elis]], of which we have only a passing remark by [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]]<ref> Pausanias, ''Periegesis'' vi.25.1; ''Aphrodite Pandemos'' was represented in the same temple riding on a goat, symbol of purely carnal rut: "The meaning of the tortoise and of the he-goat I leave to those who care to guess," Pausanias remarks. The image was taken up again after the Renaissance: see [http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/french/emblem.php?id=FALc195 Andrea Alciato, ''Emblemata / Les emblemes'' (1584)].</ref>

Thus, according to [[Plato]]<ref> Plato, ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 180e.</ref> Aphrodite is two goddesses, one older the other younger. The older, Urania, is the daughter of Uranus; the younger is named Pandemos, and is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Pandemos is the common Aphrodite. The speech of [[Pausanias]] distinguishes two manifestations of Aphrodite, represented by the two stories: Aphrodite Ourania ("heavenly" Aphrodite), and Aphrodite Pandemos ("Common" Aphrodite).
[[Image:Aphroditi Soloi.jpg|thumb|Aphrodite of [[Soli, Cyprus|Soli]], probably Roman ca. 100BC, Archeological Museum, [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]

=== Ritual prostitution ===
A universal aspect of the [[cult (religion)|cult]] of Aphrodite and her precedents that [[Thomas Bulfinch]]'s much-reprinted ''The Age of Fable; or Stories of Gods and Heroes'' (1855 etc.) elided<ref>"Our work is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature, of either sex, who wishes to comprehend the allusions so frequently made by public speakers, lecturers, essayists, and poets, and those which occur in polite conversation." Bulfinch's obituary in the ''Boston Evening Standard'' noted that the contents were "expurgated of all that would be offensive".</ref> is the practice of [[Religious prostitution|ritual prostitution]] in her shrines and temples. The euphemism in Greek is ''hierodule'', "sacred servant". The practice was an inherent part of the rituals owed to Aphrodite's Near Eastern forebears, Sumerian [[Inanna]] and Akkadian [[Ishtar]], whose temple harlots were the "women of Ishtar", ''ishtaritum''.<ref>Miroslav Marcovich, "From Ishtar to Aphrodite" ''Journal of Aesthetic Education'' '''30'''.2, Special Issue: Distinguished Humanities Lectures II (Summer 1996) p 49. </ref> The practice has been documented in Babylon, Syria and Palestine, in Phoenician cities and the [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyrian]] colony [[Carthage]], and for Hellenic Aphrodite in [[Cyprus]], the center of her cult, [[Cythera]], [[Corinth]] and in Sicily (Marcovich 1996:49). Aphrodite is everywhere the patroness of the ''[[hetaira]]'' and courtesan. In [[Ionia]] on the coast of Asia Minor, hierodules served in the [[temple of Artemis]].

[[Image:Aphrodites Rock.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Petra_Tou_Romiou|Petra tou Romiou]] ("The rock of the [[Greeks|Greek]]"), Aphrodite's legendary birthplace in [[Paphos]], [[Cyprus]].]]
<br /><br />

== Birth, rising from the sea ==
{{Main|Venus Anadyomene}}

"Foam-arisen" Aphrodite was born of the sea foam near [[Paphos]], Cyprus after [[Cronus]] cut off [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus']] testicles and threw them behind him into the sea. [[Hesiod's Theogony]] described that the genitals "were carried over the sea a long time, and white foam arose from the immortal flesh; with it a girl grew" to become Aphrodite. This fully grown up myth of Venus (the Roman name for Aphrodite), ''[[Venus Anadyomene]]''<ref>''Αναδυόμενη'' (''Anadyómenē''), "rising up".</ref> ("Venus Rising From the Sea") was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by [[Apelles]], now lost, but described in [[Pliny the Elder]] [[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]].

Thus Aphrodite is of an older generation than [[Zeus]]. ''[[Iliad]]'' (Book V) expresses another version of her origin, by which she was considered a daughter of [[Dione]], who was the original oracular goddess ("Dione" being simply "the goddess, the feminine form of Δíος, "Dios", the [[genitive]] of Zeus) at [[Dodona]]. In Homer, Aphrodite, venturing into battle to protect her son, [[Aeneas]], is wounded by [[Diomedes]] and returns to her mother, to sink down at her knee and be comforted. "Dione" seems to be an equivalent of [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], the [[Earth Mother]], whom Homer has relocated to Olympus, and refers back to a hypothesized original [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Proto-Indo-European]] pantheon, with the chief male god (Di-) represented by the sky and thunder, and the chief female god (feminine form of Di-) represented as the earth or fertile soil. Aphrodite herself was sometimes referred to as "Dione". Once the worship of Zeus had usurped the oak-grove oracle at Dodona, some poets made him out to be the father of Aphrodite.
[[Image:La naissance de Vénus.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''[[The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)|The Birth of Venus]]'' by Sandro Botticelli, 1485]]
Aphrodite's chief center of worship remained at Paphos, on the south-western coast of Cyprus, where the goddess of desire had long been worshipped as [[Ishtar]] and [[Ashtaroth]]. It is said that she first tentatively came ashore at [[Cytherea]], a stopping place for trade and culture between [[Crete]] and the [[Peloponnese|Peloponesus]]. Thus perhaps we have hints of the track of Aphrodite's original cult from the [[Levant]] to mainland [[Greece]].

Alternatively, Aphrodite was a daughter of [[Thalassa (mythology)|Thalassa]] (for she was born of the Sea) and [[Zeus]].

<!--Unsourced and doubtful:Another version is that she is the daughter of [[Poseidon]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}-->

== Adulthood ==
[[Image:Aphrodite fountain.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Fountain of Aphrodite in [[Mexico City]].]]
Aphrodite had no childhood: in every image and each reference she is born adult, nubile, and infinitely desirable. Aphrodite, in many of the late anecdotal myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended. Though she is one of the few gods of the [[List of Greek mythological characters|Greek Pantheon]] to be actually married, she is frequently unfaithful to her husband. [[Hephaestus]] is one of the most even-tempered of the Hellenic deities; in the narrative embedded in the ''Odyssey'' Aphrodite seems to prefer [[Ares]], the volatile god of war. She is one of a few characters who played a major part in the original cause of the [[Trojan War]] itself: not only did she offer [[Helen]] of Sparta to [[Paris (mythology)|Paris]], but the abduction was accomplished when Paris, seeing Helen for the first time, was inflamed with desire to have her&mdash;which is Aphrodite's realm.

=== Marriage with Hephaestus ===

Due to her immense beauty Zeus was frightened that she would be the cause of violence between the other gods. He married her off to [[Hephaestus]], the dour, humorless god of smithing.

In another version of this story, Hera, Hephaestus' mother, had cast him off Olympus; deeming him ugly and deformed. His revenge was to trap her in a magic throne, and then to demand Aphrodite's hand in return for Hera's release.

Hephaestus was overjoyed at being married to the goddess of beauty and forged her beautiful jewelry, including the cestus, a [[girdle]] that made her even more irresistible to men.

Her unhappiness with her marriage caused Aphrodite to seek out companionship from others, most frequently [[Ares]], but also [[Adonis]].

=== Aphrodite and Psyche ===
{{main|Eros and Psyche}}
Aphrodite was jealous of the beauty of a mortal woman named [[Psyche (mortal)|Psyche]]. She asked [[Eros (mythology)|Eros]] to use his golden arrows to cause Psyche to fall in love with the ugliest man on earth. Eros agreed but then fell in love with Psyche on his own, or by accidentally pricking himself with a golden arrow. Meanwhile, Psyche's parents were anxious that their daughter remained unmarried. They consulted an [[oracle]] who told them she was destined for no mortal lover, but a creature that lived on top of a particular mountain, that even the gods themselves feared. Psyche was resigned to her fate and climbed to the top of the mountain. There, [[Zephyrus]], the west wind, gently floated her downwards. She entered a cave on the appointed mountain, surprised to find it full of jewelry and finery. Eros visited her every night in the cave and they made passionate love; he demanded only that she never light any lamps because he did not want her to know who he was (having wings made him distinctive). Her two sisters, jealous of Psyche, convinced her to do so one night and she lit a lamp, recognizing him instantly. A drop of hot lamp oil fell on Eros' chest and he awoke, then fled.

When Psyche told her two jealous elder sisters what had happened, they rejoiced secretly and each separately walked to the top of the mountain and did as Psyche described her entry to the cave, hoping Eros would pick them instead. Zephyrus did not pick them and they fell to their deaths at the base of the mountain.

Psyche searched for her lover across much of Greece, finally stumbling into a temple to [[Demeter]], where the floor was covered with piles of mixed grains. She started sorting the grains into organized piles and, when she finished, Demeter spoke to her, telling her that the best way to find Eros was to find his mother, Aphrodite, and earn her blessing. Psyche found a temple to Aphrodite and entered it. Aphrodite assigned her a similar task to Demeter's temple, but gave her an impossible deadline to finish it by. Eros intervened, for he still loved her, and caused some ants to organize the grains for her. Aphrodite was outraged at her success and told her to go to a field where golden sheep grazed and get some golden wool. Psyche went to the field and saw the sheep but was stopped by a river-god, whose river she had to cross to enter the field. He told her the sheep were mean and vicious and would kill her, but if she waited until noontime, the sheep would go into the shade on the other side of the field and sleep; she could pick the wool that stuck to the branches and bark of the trees. Psyche did so and Aphrodite was even more outraged at her survival and success. Finally, Aphrodite claimed that the stress of caring for her son, depressed and ill as a result of Psyche's unfaithfulness, had caused her to lose some of her beauty. Psyche was to go to [[Hades]] and ask [[Persephone]], the queen of the underworld, for a bit of her beauty in a black box that Aphrodite gave to Psyche. Psyche walked to a tower, deciding that the quickest way to the underworld would be to die. A voice stopped her at the last moment and told her a route that would allow her to enter and return still living, as well as telling her how to pass [[Cerberus]], [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]] and the other dangers of the route. She pacified Cerberus, the three-headed dog, with a sweet honey-cake and paid Charon an [[obolus]] to take her into Hades. On the way there, she saw hands reaching out of the water. A voice told her to toss a honey cake to them. Once there, Persephone said she would be glad to do Aphrodite a favor. She once more paid Charon, threw the cake out to the hands, and gave one to Cerberus.

Psyche left the underworld and decided to open the box and take a little bit of the beauty for herself, thinking that if she did so Eros would surely love her. Inside was a "[[Wiktionary:stygian|Stygian]] sleep" which overtook her. Eros, who had forgiven her, flew to her body and wiped the sleep from her eyes, then begged Zeus and Aphrodite for their consent to his wedding of Psyche. They agreed and Zeus made her immortal. Aphrodite danced at the wedding of Eros and Psyche and their subsequent child was named Pleasure, or (in the Roman mythology) [[Volupta]].

[[Image:Venus8.jpg|thumb|left|200px|National Archaeological Museum of Athens]]

=== Adonis ===
Aphrodite was [[Adonis]]' lover and a surrogate mother to him. [[Cinyras]], the King of [[Cyprus]], had an intoxicatingly beautiful daughter named [[Myrrha]]. When Myrrha's mother commits [[Hubris]] against Aphrodite by claiming her daughter is more beautiful than the famed goddess, Myrrha is punished with a neverending lust for her own father. Cinyras is repulsed by this, but Myrrha disguises herself as a prostitute, and secretly sleeps with her father at night. Eventually, Myrrha becomes pregnant and is discovered by Cinyras. In a rage, he chases her out of the house with a knife. Myrrha flees from him, praying to the gods for mercy as she runs. The gods hear her plea, and change her into a Myrrh tree so her father cannot kill her. Eventually, Cinyras takes his own life in an attempt to restore the family's honor.

Myrrha gives birth to a baby boy named Adonis. Aphrodite is happening by the Myrrh tree when she sees the baby, and takes pity on him. She places Adonis in a box, and takes him down to [[Hades]] so that [[Persephone]] can care for him. Adonis grows into a strikingly handsome young man, and Aphrodite eventually returns for him. Persephone, however, is loathe to give him up, and wishes Adonis would stay with her in the underworld. The two goddesses begin such a quarrel that Zeus is forced to intercede. He decrees that Adonis will spend a third of the year with Aphrodite, a third of the year with Persephone, and a third of the year with whomever he wishes. Adonis, of course, chooses Aphrodite.

Adonis begins his year on the earth with Aphrodite. One of his greatest passions is hunting, and although Aphrodite is not naturally a hunter, she takes up the sport just so she can be with Adonis. They spend every waking hour with one another, and Aphrodite is enraptured with him. However, her anxiety begins to grow over her neglected duties, and she is forced to leave him for a short time. Before she leaves, she gives Adonis one warning: do not attack an animal who shows no fear. Adonis agrees to her advice, but, secretly doubting her skills as a huntress, quickly forgets her warning.

Not long after Aphrodite leaves, Adonis comes across an enormous wild boar, much larger than any he has ever seen. It is suggested that the boar is the god Ares, one of Aphrodite's lovers made jealous through her constant doting on Adonis. Although boars are dangerous and will charge a hunter if provoked, Adonis disregards Aphrodite's warning and pursues the giant creature. Soon, however, Adonis is the one being pursued; he is no match for the giant boar. In the attack, Adonis is castrated by the boar, and dies from a loss of blood. Aphrodite rushes back to his side, but she is too late to save him and can only mourn over his body. Wherever Adonis' blood falls, Aphrodite causes anemones to grow in his memory. She vows that on the anniversary of his death, every year there will be a festival held in his honor.

On his death, Adonis goes back to the underworld, and Persephone is delighted to see him again. Eventually, Aphrodite realizes that he is there, and rushes back to retrieve him. Again, she and Persephone bicker over who is allowed to keep Adonis until Zeus intervenes. This time, he says that Adonis must spend six months with Aphrodite and six months with Persephone, the way it should have been in the first place.

Adonis, as a Dying God Archetype, represents the cycle of vegetation. His birth is like the birth of new plants; his maturation like the ripening of the plant. Once the crop is harvested, it dies--like Adonis returning to the underworld. The new seeds are then placed again in the ground, where they grow into new life, like Adonis returning to the earth to be with Aphrodite.

=== The Judgement of Paris ===
{{main|Judgement of Paris}}
The gods and goddesses as well as various mortals were invited to the marriage of [[Peleus]] and [[Thetis]] (the eventual parents of [[Achilles]]). Only the goddess [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]] (Discord) was not invited, but she arrived with a [[Apple of Discord|golden apple]] inscribed with the words "to the fairest," which she threw among the goddesses. Aphrodite, [[Hera]] and [[Athena]] all claimed to be the fairest, and thus the rightful owner of the apple. The goddesses chose to place the matter before [[Zeus]], who later put the choice into the hands of [[Paris (mythology)|Paris]]. Hera tried to bribe Paris with [[Asia Minor]], while Athena offered wisdom, fame and glory in battle, but Aphrodite whispered to Paris that if he were to choose her as the fairest he would have the most beautiful mortal woman in the world as a wife, and he accordingly chose her. This woman was [[Helen]]. The other goddesses were enraged by this and through Helen's abduction by Paris they brought about the [[Trojan War]].

=== Pygmalion and Galatea ===
[[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]] was a sculptor who had never found a woman worthy of his love. Aphrodite took pity on him and decided to show him the wonders of love. One day, Pygmalion was inspired by a dream of Aphrodite to make a woman out of [[ivory]] resembling her image, and he called her [[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]. He fell in love with the statue and decided he could not live without her. He prayed to Aphrodite, who carried out the final phase of her plan and brought the exquisite sculpture to life. Pygmalion loved Galatea and they were soon married.

Another version of this myth tells that the women of the village in which Pygmalion lived grew angry that he had not married. They all asked Aphrodite to force him to marry. Aphrodite accepted and went that very night to Pygmalion, and asked him to pick a woman to marry. She told him that if he did not pick one, she would do so for him. Not wanting to be married, he begged her for more time, asking that he be allowed to make a sculpture of Aphrodite before he had to choose his bride. Flattered, she accepted.

Pygmalion spent a lot of time making small clay sculptures of the Goddess, claiming it was needed so he could pick the right pose. As he started making the actual sculpture he was shocked to discover he actually wanted to finish, even though he knew he would have to marry someone when he finished. The reason he wanted to finish it was that he had fallen in love with the sculpture. The more he worked on it, the more it changed, until it no longer resembled Aphrodite at all.

At the very moment Pygmalion stepped away from the finished sculpture Aphrodite appeared and told him to choose his bride. Pygmalion chose the statue. Aphrodite told him that could not be, and asked him again to pick a bride. Pygmalion put his arms around the statue, and asked Aphrodite to turn him into a statue so he could be with her. Aphrodite took pity on him and brought the statue to life instead.

[[Image:Aphrodite swan BM D2.jpg|thumb|Aphrodite riding a swan: Attic white-ground red-figured ''[[kylix]]'', ca. 460, found at Kameiros (Rhodes)]]
=== Other stories ===
In one version of the story of [[Hippolytus (mythology)|Hippolytus]], Aphrodite was the catalyst for his death. He scorned the worship of Aphrodite for [[Artemis]] and, in revenge, Aphrodite caused his stepmother, [[Phaedra (mythology)|Phaedra]], to fall in love with him, knowing Hippolytus would reject her. In the most popular version of the story, the play ''[[Hippolytus (play)|Hippolytus]]'' by [[Euripides]], [[Phaedra (mythology)|Phaedra]] seeks revenge against Hippolytus by killing herself and, in her [[suicide note]], telling [[Theseus]], her husband and Hippolytus' father, that Hippolytus had raped her. Hippolytus was oath-bound not to mention [[Phaedra (mythology)|Phaedra]]'s love for him and nobly refused to defend himself despite the consequences. [[Theseus]] then cursed his son, a curse that [[Poseidon]] was bound to fulfil and so Hipploytus was laid low by a bull from the sea that caused his chariot-team to panic and wreck his vehicle. This is, interestingly enough ''not'' quite how Aphrodite envisaged his death in the play, as in the prologue she says she expects Hippolytus to submit to lust with [[Phaedra (mythology)|Phaedra]] and for Theseus to catch the pair in the act. Hippolytus forgives his father before he dies and [[Artemis]] reveals the truth to Theseus before vowing to kill one Aphrodite loves ([[Adonis]]) for revenge.

[[Glaucus]] of Corinth angered Aphrodite and she made her horses angry during the funeral games of King [[Pelias]]. They tore him apart. His ghost supposedly frightened horses during the [[Isthmian Games]].

Aphrodite was often accompanied by the [[Charites]].

Aphrodite was one of the goddesses to be mocked by [[Momus]], which resulted in his expulsion from [[Mount Olympus (Mountain)|Olympus]].

In book III of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Aphrodite saves [[Paris (mythology)|Paris]], when he is about to be killed by [[Menelaos]].

Aphrodite was very protective of her son, [[Aeneas]], who fought in the [[Trojan War]]. [[Diomedes]] almost killed Aeneas in battle but Aphrodite saved him. Diomedes wounded Aphrodite and she dropped her son, fleeing to [[Mount Olympus (Mountain)|Mt. Olympus]]. Aeneas was then enveloped in a cloud by [[Apollo]], who took him to [[Pergamos (Troy)|Pergamos]], a sacred spot in [[Troy]]. [[Artemis]] healed Aeneas there.

She turned [[Abas]] to stone for his pride.

She turned [[Anaxarete]] to stone for reacting so dispassionately to [[Iphis]]' pleas to love him, even after his suicide.

Aphrodite helps [[Hippomenes]] to win a footrace against [[Atalanta]] to win Atalanta's hand in marriage, giving him three golden apples to distract her with. However, when the couple fails to thank Aphrodite, she turns them into lions.

==Consorts and children==
{|
|- valign=top
|
* [[Deities]]
** [[Ares]]
*** [[Anteros]] (unrequited love)
*** [[Harmonia (Greek goddess)|Harmonia]] (Harmony)
*** [[Himeros]](Lust)
*** [[Eros]]
***[[Deimos (mythology)|Deimos]] (Dread)
***[[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]] (Fright)
** [[Dionysus]]
*** [[Charites]]
**** [[Aglaea]]
**** [[Euphrosyne (mythology)|Euphrosyne]]
*** [[Hymenaios]]
*** [[Priapus]]
** [[Hephaestus]]
** [[Hermes]]
*** [[Eunomia]]
*** [[Hermaphroditus]]
*** [[Peitho]]
*** [[Priapus]] (in some traditions)
*** [[Rhodos]]
*** [[Tyche]]
* Mortals
** [[Adonis]]
** [[Anchises]]
*** [[Aeneas]]
** [[Butes]]
*** [[Eryx]]
|}

==Surnames and titles==

*'''Acidalia''', ''of the Acidalia [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]''
*'''[[Venus Anadyomene|Anadyomene]]''' (Ἀναδυομένη), ''the emerging'' as in ''Aphrodite Anadyomene'', a painting by [[Apelles]]
*'''[[Cytherea]]''' (Κυθήρεια), ''of [[Cythera]]''
*'''Despina''' (Δέσποινα), ''the mistress''
*'''Kypris''' (Κύπρις), ''of [[Cyprus]]''
*'''Hetaira''' (Ἑταίρα), ''the courtesan''
*'''Aphrodite Porne''' (Πόρνη), ''the prostitute'', Goddess of [[lust]]<ref>David R. Kinsley, ''The Goddesses' Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West'' p.207, 1989, SUNY Press, ISBN 0887068359</ref>
*'''Kalligloutos''' (Καλλίγλουτος), ''of the beautiful thighs''
*'''Morpho''' (Μορφώ), ''the shapely'', ''she of the various shapes''
*'''Ambologera''', ''she who postpones old age''
*'''Aphrodite en kepois''' (Ἀφροδίτη ἐν Κήποις), ''of the gardens''
*'''Genetyllis''', ''of motherhood''
*'''Epitragidia''', ''she upon the [[buck]]'' (young male [[goat]])
*'''Enoplios''' (Ἐνόπλιος), ''the armed one''
*'''Melaina''' (Μέλαινα), ''the black one'' (similar to Epitymbidia and Melainis)
*'''Melainis''' (Μελαινίς), ''the young black one'' (similar to Epitymbidia and Melaina)
*'''Skotia''' (Σκοτία), ''the dark''
*'''Anosia''' (Ἀνόσια), ''the unholy''
*'''Androphonos''' (Ἀνδροφόνος), ''the killer of men''
*'''Tymborychos''' (Τυμβωρύχος), ''the gravedigger''
*'''Epitymbidia''', ''she upon the graves'' (similar to Melaina and Melainis)
*'''Basilis''' (Βασιλίς), ''the queen''
*'''Persephaessa''' (Περσεφάεσσα), ''the queen of the underworld''
*'''[[Praxis]]''' (Πράξις), ''of (sexual) action''
*'''[[Venus Kallipygos|Kallipygos]]''' (Καλλίπυγος), ''of the beautiful buttocks''
*'''Pandemos''' (Πάνδημος), ''common to all'', a form worshipped near the agora in [[Athens]]
*'''Urania''' (Οὐράνια), ''the heavenly one''

==Aphrodite in popular culture==
* Aphrodite was used as an archetype for the character Santa by contemporary artist [[Tori Amos]] in her [[2007]] album [[American Doll Posse]]. Amos created five personalities for the album, each representing a different Greek god or goddess.
*Tori Amos makes references to women such as [[Marilyn Monroe]] who have "channeled Venus" in their very being.
*Aphrodite appeared as a recurring character in the television series ''[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' and ''[[Hercules: The Legendary Journeys]]''. She was played by actress [[Alexandra Tydings]].
*In the computer game [[Zeus: Master of Olympus]], Aphrodite is one of the gods to whom the player can build a temple. When applied to for help, she makes the city too appealing for anyone to wish to leave, thus preventing shortages of labor force. Her presence in the city will protect it from attacks by [[Dionysus]], [[Hephaestus]], [[Hermes]], or [[Ares]].
*C.S. Lewis wrote a novel called '''Til We Have Faces: A Myth Retold'' which tells an adapted version of the Aphrodite and Psyche myth.

==See also==

*[[Cupid]]
*[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]
*[[Venus Kallipygos|Aphrodite Kallipygos]]
*[[Deception of Zeus]]
*[[Aphrodite of Cnidus|Aphrodite]] of [[Cnidus]]
*[[Venus de Milo]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* C. Kerényi (1951). ''The Gods of the Greeks''.
* Walter Burkert (1985). ''Greek Religion'' (Harvard University Press), especially sectionIII.2.7 "Aphrodite"

==External links==
{{commons|Aphrodite}}
* [http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Aphrodite.html Theoi Project, Aphrodite] information from classical literature, Greek and Roman art
** [http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult.html Aphrodite Statues & Cult]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Aphrodite.html Greek Mythology Link, Aphrodite] summary of Aphrodite in myth
*[http://www.centralbank.gov.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=149 Aphrodite in banknote of 20 Cyprus Pounds]
*[http://www.elolimpo.com/Afrodita.per.html More images on Aphrodite]

{{Greek myth (Olympian)2}}

[[Category:Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Eros in ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Deities in the Iliad]]
[[Category:Greek goddesses]]
[[Category:Twelve Olympians]]
[[Category:Love and lust goddesses]]
[[Category:Offspring of Zeus]]

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