Arabs_and_antisemitism

{{protected}}
{{POV|date=December 2007}}
{{antisemitism}}


:''This article describes issues of [[antisemitism]] (hostility towards or discrimination against [[Jew]]s) in the [[Arab world]].''

The issues surrounding '''Arabs and antisemitism''' address several aspects involving the history of [[Arab]] and [[Jewish]] coexistence in the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]].

==Perspective of Bernard Lewis==

According to [[Bernard Lewis]], for most of the last 1,400 years, Arabs, for the most part, have not been antisemitic in the way the word has been used in the west because Arabs were not [[Christians]] and thus didn't believe in stories of Jewish [[deicide]].<ref> Lewis (1986), pg. 117-8 </ref> Anti-Jewish sentiments did flare up at times of the [[Muslim]] political or military weakness or when Muslims felt that some Jews had overstepped the boundary of humiliation prescribed to them by the Islamic law.<ref>Lewis (1999), p. 130</ref>

Lewis writes that Arab antisemitism has grown due to two reasons: nineteenth century [[Europe]]an influence, brought about by [[imperialism]] and [[Christian Arabs]];<ref>Lewis (1986), pg. 132</ref> and [[Israeli]] victories during the wars of [[Suez Crisis#Israeli Invasion|1956]] and [[Six day war|1967]].<ref>Lewis (1986), pg. 204</ref> By the 1980s, Lewis continues, the volume of antisemitic literature published, and the authority of its sponsors, seemed to suggest classical antisemitism to be an essential part of Arab intellectual life, considerably more than in late nineteenth and early twentieth century [[France]], and almost as much in [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''Semites and Antisemites'' New York/London: Norton, 1986, p. 256.</ref>

==Medieval Arab antisemitism==

Jews, along with [[Christianity|Christian]]s and [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]], typically had the legal status of [[dhimmi]] (protected minority) in the [[Muslim history|lands conquered by Muslim Arabs]], generally applied to non-Muslim minorities. Jews were generally seen as a religious group (not a separate race) thus being a part of the "Arab family".<ref>Lewis (1999), pg. 131</ref>

Dhimmi were subjected to a number of restrictions, the application and severity of which varied with time and place. Restrictions included residency in [[segregated]] quarters, obligation to wear distinctive clothing, public subservience to Muslims, prohibitions against proselytizing, against marrying Muslim women, and limited access to the legal system (the testimony of a Jew didn't count if contradicted by that of a Muslim). Dhimmis had to pay a special poll tax (the "[[jizya]]"), which exempted them from military service, and also from payment of the [[Zakat]] alms tax required of Muslims. In return, dhimmis were granted limited rights including a degree of tolerance, community autonomy in personal matters, and protection from being killed out-right.<ref> Dr Denis MacEoin, [http://www.zionismontheweb.org/history_of_Muslim_antisemitism_and_anti-Zionism.htm A history of Muslim antisemitism and anti-Zionism], at [[Zionism On The Web]], 2005</ref> Jewish communities, like Christian ones, were typically constituted as semi-autonomous entities managed by their own laws and leadership, who carried the responsibility for the community towards the Muslim rulers.

By medieval standards, conditions for Jews under Islam was generally more formalized and better than those of Jews in Christian lands, in part due to the sharing of minority status with Christians in these lands. We can find evidence for this claim in that the status of Jews in lands with no Christian minority was usually worse than their status in lands with one. For example, there were numerous incidents of [[list of massacres|massacres]] and [[ethnic cleansing]] of Jews in North Africa,<ref>[http://www.theforgottenrefugees.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=39 The Forgotten Refugees]</ref> especially in [[Morocco]], [[Libya]] and [[Algeria]] where eventually Jews were forced to live in [[mellah|ghettos]].<ref> Maurice Roumani, ''The Case of the Jews from Arab Countries: A Neglected Issue'', 1977, pp. 26-27. </ref> Decrees ordering the destruction of synagogues were enacted in the Middle Ages in [[Egypt]], [[Syria]], [[Iraq]] and [[Yemen]].<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/Jews_in_Arab_lands_(gen).html The Treatment of Jews in Arab/Islamic Countries]</ref> At certain times in Yemen, Morocco and [[Baghdad]], Jews were forced to convert to Islam or face death.<ref> Bat Ye'or, ''The Dhimmi'', 1985, p.61 </ref>

The situation where Jews both enjoyed cultural and economical prosperity at times, but were widely persecuted at other times, was summarised by G.E. Von Grunebaum:

<blockquote>It would not be difficult to put together the names of a very sizeable number of Jewish subjects or citizens of the Islamic area who have attained to high rank, to power, to great financial influence, to significant and recognized intellectual attainment; and the same could be done for Christians. But it would again not be difficult to compile a lengthy list of persecutions, arbitrary confiscations, attempted forced conversions, or pogroms.<ref>G.E. Von Grunebaum, ''Eastern Jewry Under Islam'', 1971, p.369.</ref>
</blockquote>

==Modern Arab antisemitism==
Most scholars hold that Arab antisemitism in the modern world arose in the nineteenth century, against the backdrop of conflicting Jewish and Arab nationalism, and was imported into the Arab world primarily by nationalistically minded Christian Arabs (and only subsequently was it "Islamized"), Mark Cohen states.<ref> The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies, p.208</ref> According to [[Bernard Lewis]]:
{{cquote|The volume of anti-Semitic books and articles published, the size and number of editions and impressions, the eminence and authority of those who write, publish and sponsor them, their place in school and college curricula, their role in the mass media, would all seem to suggest that classical anti-Semitism is an essential part of Arab intellectual life at the present time-almost as much as happened in Nazi Germany, and considerably more than in late nineteenth and early twentieth century France."<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''Semites and Antisemites'' New York/London: Norton, 1986, p. 256.</ref>}}

===Nineteenth century===
The [[Damascus affair]] was an accusation of [[ritual murder]] and a [[blood libel against Jews]] in [[Damascus]] in [[1840]]. On [[February 5]], [[1840]], [[Franciscan]] [[Capuchin friar]] Father Thomas and his Greek servant were reported missing, never to be seen again. The [[Turkey|Turkish]] governor and the French consul [[Ratti-Menton]] believed accusations of ritual murder and blood libel, as the alleged murder occurred before the Jewish [[Passover]]. An investigation was staged, and Solomon Negrin, a Jewish barber, [[Forced confession|confessed under torture]] and accused other Jews. Two other Jews died under torture, and one (Moses Abulafia) converted to [[Islam]] to escape torture. More arrests and atrocities followed, culminating in 63 Jewish children being held [[hostage]] and mob attacks on Jewish communities throughout the [[Middle East]]. International outrage led to [[Ibrahim Pasha]] in Egypt ordering an investigation. Negotiations in [[Alexandria]] eventually secured the unconditional release and recognition of innocence of the nine prisoners still remaining alive (out of thirteen). Later in [[Constantinople]], Montefiore persuaded Sultan [[Abdülmecid]] to issue a [[firman]] (edict) intended to halt the spread of blood libel accusations in the [[Ottoman Empire]]:
<blockquote>
"... and for the love we bear to our subjects, we cannot permit the Jewish nation, whose innocence for the crime alleged against them is evident, to be worried and tormented as a consequence of accusations which have not the least foundation in truth...".
</blockquote>

Nevertheless, pogroms spread through the Middle East and North Africa: Aleppo (1850, 1875), Damascus (1840, 1848, 1890), Beirut (1862, 1874), Dayr al-Qamar (1847), Jerusalem (1847), Cairo (1844, 1890, 1901-02), Mansura (1877), Alexandria (1870, 1882, 1901-07), Port Said (1903, 1908), and Damanhur (1871, 1873, 1877, 1891).<ref>Yossef Bodansky. "Islamic Anti-Semitism as a Political Instrument" Co-Produced by The Ariel Center for Policy Research and The Freeman Center for Strategic Studies, 1999. ISBN-10 0967139104, ISBN-13 978-0967139104</ref>

The [[Dreyfus affair]] of the late ninteenth century had consequences in the Arab world. Passionate outbursts of antisemitism in France were echoed in areas of French influence, especially [[Maronite]] [[Lebanon]]. The Muslim Arab press, however, was sympathetic to the falsely accused Captain Dreyfus, adn criticized the persecution of Jews in France.<ref>Lewis (1986), pg. 133</ref>

===Growth in the twentieth century===

Antisemitism in the [[Arab world]] increased in the twentieth century, as anti-Semitic propaganda and [[blood libel]]s were imported from [[Europe]] and as resentment against [[Zionism|Zionist]] efforts in [[British Mandate of Palestine]] spread. Arab antisemitism in the early 1920s repeated the [[conspiracy theory]] that Jews were behind fall of the Russian monarchy and the defeat of Germany and Austria in [[World War I]]. In March, 1921, Musa Khazem El Husseini, the Mayor of Jerusalem told [[Winston Churchill]]"The Jews have been amongst the most active advocates of destruction in many lands... It is well known that the disintegration of Russia was wholly or in great part brought about by the Jews, and a large proportion of the defeat of Germany and Austria must also be put at their door."<ref>quoted in Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, Knopf 1999 Page 99</ref>

While anti-Semitism has certainly been heightened by the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]], there were an increasing number of [[pogrom]]s against Jews prior to the foundation of [[Israel]], including [[Nazism|Nazi]]-inspired pogroms in [[Algeria]] in the 1930s, and attacks on the Jews in [[Iraq]] and [[Libya]] in the 1940s (see [[Farhud]]). George Gruen attributes the increased animosity towards Jews in the [[Arab world]] to several factors including: The breakdown of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and traditional [[Islamic]] society; domination by Western [[colonialism|colonial powers]] under which Jews gained a disproportionately large role in the commercial, professional, and administrative life of the region; the rise of [[Arab nationalism]], whose proponents sought the wealth and positions of local Jews through government channels; resentment over Jewish [[nationalism]] and the Zionist movement; and the readiness of unpopular [[regime]]s to [[scapegoat]] local Jews for political purposes.<ref>[http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl102.htm The Other Refugees: Jews of the Arab World] by George E. Gruen ([[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]])</ref>

After the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], the [[Palestinian exodus]], the creation of the state of [[Israel]], and the independence of Arab countries from European control, conditions for Jews in the Arab world deteriorated. Over the next few decades, almost all would flee the Arab world, some willingly, and some under threat (see [[Jewish exodus from Arab lands]]). In 1945 there were between 758,000 and 866,000 Jews (see table below) living in communities throughout the Arab world. Today, there are fewer than 8,000. In some Arab states, such as [[Libya]] (which was once around 3% Jewish), the Jewish community no longer exists; in other Arab countries, only a few hundred Jews remain.

It was around this period when ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', the Russian forgery detailing an alleged Jewish world domination plot, became popular in certain Arab circles. Ironically, some Arabs compared the Zionists to Nazis because both national movements allegedly had the desire for world domination in common and because they were both unresponsive to Arab attempts to appease them.<ref>Segev (2001), p. 511.</ref>

===Modern examples===
====Saudi Arabia====
A Saudi government website initially stated that Jews would not be granted tourist visas to enter the country<ref>[http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ny09_weiner/022604Saudi.html Official Saudi Arabia Tourism Website: No Jews Allowed. “Jewish People” May Not Receive Travel Visas Required To Travel Into The Kingdom] by Congressman Anthony D. Weiner (D-Queens & Brooklyn) February 26, 2004</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3493448.stm Jews barred in Saudi tourist drive] (BBC) February 27, 2004.</ref>
It has since removed this statement, and apologized for posting "erroneous information". Members of religions other than Islam, including Jews, are not permitted to practice their religion publicly in Saudi Arabia; according to the U.S. State Department,<ref>[http://www.uscirf.gov/countries/countriesconcerns/Countries/Saudi_Arabia.html United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. Countries of Particular Concern. Saudi Arabia]</ref> religious freedom "does not exist" in Saudi Arabia. Islam is the official religion of Saudi Arabia, and the tenets of that religion are enforced by law.

Saudi Arabian media often attacks Jews in books, news articles, at their Mosques<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sr&ID=SR01002&Page=archives 'Friday Sermons in Saudi Mosques: Review and Analysis', September 26, 2002 (MEMRI)]</ref> and with what some describe as [[antisemitic]] satire<ref>[http://www.memritv.org/Search.asp?ACT=S9&P1=1438 'Antisemitic Satire on a Saudi TV Channel (MBC)', April 19, 2007 '''(VIDEO)''' (memritv.org)]</ref>. Saudi Arabian government officials and state religious leaders often promote the idea that "the Jews" are conspiring to take over the entire world; as proof of their claims they publish and frequently cite ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' as factual.<ref name=CMIP-KSA2001>[http://www.edume.org/reports/10/38.htm CMIP report: The Jews in World History according to the Saudi textbooks]. ''The Danger of World Jewry'', by Abdullah al-Tall, pp. 140–141 (Arabic). ''Hadith and Islamic Culture'', Grade 10, (2001) pp. 103–104.</ref><ref>{{PDFlink|http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref>

In 2001, Arab Radio and Television of Saudi Arabia produced a 30-part television miniseries entitled "Horseman Without a Horse", a dramatization of ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]''.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/presrele/islme_62/4013_62.asp ADL]</ref>

One Saudi Arabian government newspaper suggested that hatred of all Jews is justifiable. "Why are they (the Jews) hated by all the people which hosted them, such as Iraq and Egypt thousands years ago, and Germany, Spain, France and the UK, up to the days they gained of power over the capital and the press, in order to rewrite the history?"<ref>Al-Riyadh, Saudi government daily, [[April 15]], [[2002]], Turki 'Abdallah as-Sudayri, ''All of History is against Them''</ref>

Saudi textbooks vilify Jews (and Christians and non-Wahabi Muslims): according to the May 21, 2006 issue of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', Saudi textbooks claimed by them to have been sanitized of anti-Semitism still call Jews apes (and Christians swine); demand that students avoid and not befriend Jews; claim that Jews worship the devil; and encourage Muslims to engage in Jihad to vanquish Jews.<ref>Shea, Nina. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/19/AR2006051901769.html "This is a Saudi textbook. (After the intolerance was removed.)"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[May 21]], 2006, p. B01.</ref>

====Arab newspapers====
Many [[Arab]] newspapers, such as ''[[Al-Hayat Al-Jadidah]]'', the Palestinian Authority's official newspaper, often write that "the Jews" control all the world's governments, and that "the Jews" plan [[genocide]] on all the Arabs in the [[West Bank]]. Others write less sensational stories, and state that Jews have too much of an influence in the [[United States|US]] government. Often the leaders of other nations are said to be controlled by Jews.

Articles in many official Arab government newspapers (notably those of the [[Palestinian Authority]], [[Libya]]{{Fact|date=January 2007}}, and [[Saudi Arabia]]{{Fact|date=January 2007}}) claim that ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', reflects actual facts, and thus points to an international Jewish conspiracy to [[global domination|take over the world]].

:"[[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu's]] Plan completely matches the foundations of the greater [[Zionism|Zionist]] plan which is organized according to specific stages that were determined when the ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (document)|Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' was composed and when [[Theodor Herzl|Herzl]] along with [[Chaim Weizmann|Weizmann]] traveled around the world in order to determine the appropriate location for the implementation of this conspiracy," (official Palestinian Authority newspaper, Al-Hayat Al-Jadidah, [[November 30]], [[1997]])

:"The Jews seek to conquer the world...We must expose the Zionist-Colonialist plot and its goals, which destroy not only our people but the entire world" (PA Minister of Agriculture, [[Abdel Jawad Saleh]], quoted in ''[[Al-Hayat Al-Jadidah]]'', [[November 6]], [[1997]])<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/pastatements.html Palestinian Authority Anti-Semitism Since the Hebron Accord] ([[Jewish Virtual Library]])</ref>

The [[Egypt]]ian government run newspaper, ''Al-Akhbar'', on [[29 April]] [[2002]], published an editorial denying [[the Holocaust]] as a fraud. The next paragraph decries the failure of the Holocaust to eliminate all of the Jews:

<blockquote>
With regard to the fraud of the Holocaust… Many [[France|French]] studies have proven that this is no more than a fabrication, a lie, and a fraud!! That is, it is a 'scenario' the plot of which was carefully tailored, using several faked photos completely unconnected to the truth. Yes, it is a film, no more and no less. [[Hitler]] himself, whom they accuse of [[Nazism]], is in my eyes no more than a modest 'pupil' in the world of murder and bloodshed. He is completely innocent of the charge of frying them in the hell of his false Holocaust!!

The entire matter, as many French and [[United Kingdom|British]] scientists and researchers have proven, is nothing more than a huge Israeli plot aimed at extorting the [[Germany|German]] government in particular and the European countries in general. But I, personally and in light of this imaginary tale, complain to Hitler, even saying to him from the bottom of my heart, 'If only you had done it, brother, if only it had really happened, so that the world could sigh in relief [without] their evil and sin.'<ref>[http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP37502 Columnist for Egyptian Government Daily to Hitler:'If Only You Had Done It, Brother'] (MEMRI bulletin No.375. May 3, 2002</ref></blockquote>

====Hizbullah's Al-Manar TV channel====
Jewish groups and European observers allege that [[Hizbullah]]'s [[Al-Manar]] TV channel frequently airs [[antisemitic]] broadcasts, blaming the Jews for a Zionist [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy]] against the Arab world, and often airing excerpts from the ''[[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', which the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' describes as a "fraudulent document that served as a pretext and rationale for anti-Semitism in the early 20th century.".

Al-Manar recently aired a drama series, called ''The Diaspora'', which observers allege is based on historical anti-Semitic allegations. [[BBC]] reporters who watched the series said that: <blockquote> Correspondents who have viewed ''The Diaspora'' note that it quotes extensively from the ''Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', a notorious 19th century publication used by the Nazis among others to fuel race hatred.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3581514.stm]</ref> </blockquote>

In another incident, an Al-Manar commentator recently referred to "Zionist attempts to transmit [[AIDS]] to Arab countries". Al-Manar officials deny broadcasting anti-Semitic incitement and state that their position is anti-Israeli, not anti-Semitic.

Due to protests by the [[CRIF]] umbrella group of French Jews regarding allegations of anti-Semitic content, [[France|French]] Prime Minister [[Jean-Pierre Raffarin]] called for a ban on Al-Manar broadcasting in France on [[December 2]], [[2004]]; just two weeks after al-Manar was authorised to continue broadcasting in Europe by France's media watchdog agency.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4064317.stm (BBC)]</ref>

On [[December 13]], [[2004]], [[France]]'s highest administrative court banned [[Hizbullah]]'s Al-Manar TV station on the grounds that it consistently incites racial hatred and [[antisemitism]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4093579.stm (BBC)]</ref>

== Jewish-Arab dialogue ==
{{main|Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs}}

== See also ==
* [[Dhimmi]]
* [[Pact of Umar]]
* [[Jizya]]
* [[Yellow badge]]
* [[Mellah]]

==Notes==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references /></div>

==References==
*[[Bernard Lewis|Lewis, Bernard]] (1984). ''The Jews of Islam''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00807-8
*Lewis, Bernard (1999). ''Semites and anti-Semites''. ISBN 0393318397
*[[Jane Gerber|Gerber, Jane S.]] (1986). "Anti-Semitism and the Muslim World". In ''History and Hate: The Dimensions of Anti-Semitism'', ed. David Berger. Jewish Publications Society. ISBN 0-8276-0267-7
*[[Walter Laqueur|Laqueur, Walter]]. ''The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times To The Present Day''. Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-530429-2
*[[Leon Poliakov|Poliakov, Leon]] (1997). "Anti-Semitism". ''[[Encyclopedia Judaica]]'' (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. [[Cecil Roth]]. Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8
*[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]]. ''One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate''. Trans. Haim Watzman. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2001.

==External links==
*[http://www.nahost-politik.de/friedensbewegung/antisemitismus.htm Reflections of the Israeli Leftist Uri Avnery about Palestinians and Anti-semitism]
*[http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw98-9/arab.html Arab Anti-Semitism in 1998/99] - summary of Arab anti-Semitism, by the [[University of Tel Aviv]]
*[http://www.adl.org/main_Arab_World/default.htm Anti-Semitism in the Arab World] - a collection of materials updated regularly
*[http://www.secularislam.org/articles/khawaja3.htm The Problem of Muslim Anti-Semitism]
*[http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Antisemitism.htm The Salience of Islamic Anti-Semitism]
*[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article.asp?aid=11906035_1 The Anti-Semitic Disease] - an analysis by [[Paul Johnson (writer)|Paul Johnson]] in ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]''
*[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c107:S.RES.366: S.RES.366] Urging the Government of [[Egypt]] and other Arab governments not to allow their government-controlled television stations to broadcast any program that lends legitimacy to the [[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]], and for other purposes. (Passed/agreed to in Senate on [[20 November]] [[2002]]).
* [http://www.zionismontheweb.org/history_of_Muslim_antisemitism_and_anti-Zionism.htm Roots of Islamic based antisemitism and anti-Zionism]
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6624599 Interview with historian regarding the role of the Holocaust in Arab lands; book ''Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust's Long Reach into Arab Lands'']
*[[Daniel Pipes]]' review of [[Bernard Lewis]]' [http://www.danielpipes.org/article/21 "Semites and Anti-Semites"]

=== Examples of anti-Semitism in the Arab press provided by MEMRI ===
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SP33902 Egyptian government newspaper reprints Nazi forgeries]
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SR00602 Jews blamed for the September 11th World Trade Center attacks]
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SP32201 Egyptian government science journal claims that the Jews deliberately spread AIDS]
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SP32101 Saudi government newspaper claims that Jews are taking over the world]
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SP22501 Zionism is accused of being the same as Nazism]
* [http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemitism&ID=SP21401 Leader of Libya claims that the Jews deliberately spread AIDS]

{{Antisemitism topics|state=uncollapsed}}

[[Category:Antisemitism]]
[[Category:Arab]]
[[Category:Arab world media]]