'''Architectural engineering''', also known as '''Building Engineering''', is the application of [[engineering]] principles and [[technology]] to [[building]] [[design]] and [[construction]]. Definitions of an '''architectural engineer''' may refer to:
* An engineer in the [[structural engineering|structural]], [[mechanical engineering|mechanical]], [[electrical engineering|electrical]] or other engineering fields of building design and construction.
* A [[Professional engineer|licensed engineering professional]] in parts of the [[United States]].
* In informal contexts, and formally in some places, a [[professional]] synonymous with or similar to an [[architect]]. In some languages, "architect" is literally translated as "architectural engineer".
==Engineering for buildings==
===Structural===
{{main|Structural engineering}}
Structural engineering involves the analysis and design of physical objects such as buildings, bridges, equipment supports, towers and walls. Those concentrating on buildings are responsible for the structural performance of a large part of the built environment and are, sometimes, informally referred to as "building engineers". Structural engineers require expertise in [[strength of materials]] and in the [[seismic design]] of structures. The discipline works closely with architects and other engineering specialists.
===Mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP)===
{{main|Mechanical engineering|Electrical engineering}}
Mechanical and electrical engineers are commonly referred to as "MEP" (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) when engaged in the building design fields. Also known as "Building services engineering" in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]].<ref>http://www.cibse.org/index.cfm?go=page.view&item=67 Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers</ref> Mechanical engineers design and oversee the [[HVAC|heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems]], as well as [[plumbing]] and [[fire protection]] services. Electrical engineers are responsible for the building's [[power distribution]], [[telecommunication]] and [[control system]]s, as well as [[lighting design|lighting systems]].
===Building science===
{{main|Building science}}
[[Building envelope]] design is also a specialized area of architectural and engineering practice that draws from all areas of [[building science]] and indoor climate control.
==The Architectural engineer (PE) in the United States==
{{main|Architectural engineer (PE)}}
In many jurisdictions of the United States, the architectural engineer is a [[Professional engineer|licensed]] engineering professional <ref>http://www.ncees.org/exams/professional/#material NCEES exams</ref>, usually a graduate of an architectural engineering university program preparing students for practice in one of structural, mechanical or electrical fields of building design, but with an appreciation of integrated architectural requirements.
Formal architectural engineering education, following the engineering model of earlier disciplines, developed in the late 1800s, and became widespread in the United States by the mid 1900s. With the establishment of a specific "architectural engineering" [[NCEES]] [[Professional Engineer]]ing registration examination in the 1990s, and first offering in April 2003, architectural engineering became recognized as a distinct engineering discipline in the United States. Most architectural engineers have professional registration in civil, structural or mechanical engineering.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} Architectural engineers are not entitled to practice architecture unless they are also licensed as architects.
==The Architectural engineer as architect==
{{see also|Architect}}
In some places architecture, as a [[profession]] providing [[architect#Architects in Practice|architectural services]], is sometimes referred to as "architectural engineering". In others, such as in Japan, the terms "architecture" and "building engineering" are used synonymously.<ref>http://www.aij.or.jp/eng/about/a_e.html#Architects%20and%20Engineers Architectural Insitute of Japan</ref> The practice of architecture includes the planning, designing and oversight of a building's construction.
In some languages, such as [[Korean language|Korean]], "architect" is literally translated as "architectural engineer". In some countries, an "architectural engineer" (such as the ''ingegnere edile'' in Italy) is entitled to practice [[architecture]] and is often referred to as an architect.<ref>http://www.edilportale.com/edilnews/Npopup.asp?IDDOC=5158 Edilnews (in Italian)</ref> These individuals are often also structural engineers. In other countries, such as Germany and Austria, architecture graduates receive an engineering degree (''Dip-Ing'').<ref>http://www.bak.de/site/498/default.aspx German Chamber of Architects</ref>
==Education==
{{see|Engineer's degree}}
The structural, mechanical and electrical engineering branches each have well established [[Engineer's degree|educational requirements]] that are usually fulfilled by completion of a university programme.
===Architectural/ Building Engineering as a single integrated field of study===
{{main|Building engineering education}}
What differentiates building engineering as a separate and single, integrated field of study, compared to other engineering disciplines, is its multi-disciplined engineering approach. Through an appreciation of [[architecture]], the field seeks integration of building systems within the overall architectural design. These building systems include [[HVAC|Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)]], [[plumbing]], [[fire protection]], [[electrical]], [[lighting]], [[transportation]], and structural systems. In most programmes, students will be required to concentrate on one of the systems.
==Colleges Offering Architectural Engineering Programs==
[http://www.kfupm.edu.sa/are/ College of Environmental Design], King Fahd University - Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
==References==
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[[Category:Architecture|Engineering]]
[[Category:Building engineering]]
[[Category:Professions]]
[[Category:Architecture and engineering occupations]]
[[Category:Engineering occupations]]
[[Category:Architecture occupations]]
[[Category:Architectural design]]
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