Asteroids_(arcade

{{Infobox VG
|title=Asteroids
|image=[[Image:Asteroi1.png|250px|Asteroids screenshot]]
|caption=
|developer=[[Atari| Atari Inc.]]
|publisher=[[Atari| Atari Inc.]]
|distributor=
|designer=[[Lyle Rains]] and [[Ed Logg]]
|released=[[1979 in video gaming|1979]]
|genre=[[Shoot 'em up#Multi-directional shooter|Multi-directional shooter]]
|modes=Up to 2 players, alternating turns
|platforms=[[Arcade game|Arcade]]
|input=Five buttons
|cabinet=Upright and cocktail
|arcade system=
|cpu=
|sound=
|display=
}}
'''''Asteroids''''' is a video [[arcade game]] released in [[1979 in video gaming|1979]] by [[Atari| Atari Inc.]] It was one of the most popular and influential games of the [[Golden Age of Arcade Games]]. Asteroids uses [[vector graphics]] and a two-dimensional view that wraps around in both screen axes. The player controls a spaceship in an [[asteroid]] field which is periodically traversed by [[flying saucer]]s. The object of the game is to shoot and destroy asteroids and saucers while not colliding with either, or being hit by the saucers' counter-fire.

==Description==
''Asteroids'' was inspired, in a roundabout way, by the seminal ''[[Spacewar!]]''{{Fact|date=June 2007}}, the first computer-based video game. In 1977 a stand-up arcade game version was produced as ''[[Space Wars]]'', which included a number of optional versions and added a floating asteroid as a visual device. ''Asteroids'' is essentially a one-player version of Spacewar!, featuring the "wedge" ship from the original and promoting the asteroids to be the main opponent.

The game was conceived by [[Lyle Rains]] and programmed and designed by [[Ed Logg]]{{Fact|date=June 2007}}. ''Asteroids'' was a hit in the [[United States]] and became Atari's best selling game of all time.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Atari had been in the process of releasing another vector game, ''[[Lunar Lander]]'', but demand for ''Asteroids'' was so high they stopped further production of ''Lunar Lander'' so they could begin building ''Asteroids''{{Fact|date=June 2007}}. The first 200 ''Asteroids'' machines were sent out in ''Lunar Lander'' cabinets. ''Asteroids'' was so popular that [[video arcade]] owners sometimes had to install larger boxes to hold the amount of quarters that were spent by players.

''Asteroids'' is also the first game to use Atari's "QuadraScan" vector-refresh system{{Fact|date=June 2007}}. (A full-color version known as "Color-QuadraScan" was later developed for games such as ''[[Space Duel]]'' and ''[[Tempest (arcade game)|Tempest]]''.)

==Gameplay==
The objective of ''Asteroids'' is to score as many points as possible by destroying asteroids and flying saucers. The player controls a [[spaceship|ship]] that can rotate left and right, fire shots straight forward, and thrust forward. As the ship moves, [[momentum]] is not conserved — the ship eventually comes to a stop again when not thrusting. The player can also send their ship into [[Hyperspace (science fiction)|hyperspace]], causing it to disappear and reappear in a random location on the screen (with the risk of self-destructing or appearing on top of an asteroid).

Each stage starts with a few asteroids drifting in random directions on the screen. Objects wrap around screen edges — for instance, an asteroid that drifts off the top edge of the screen reappears at the bottom and continues moving in the same direction. As the player shoots asteroids, they break into smaller asteroids that frequently move faster and are more difficult to hit. Smaller asteroids also score higher points. Periodically, a [[flying saucer]] appears on one side of the screen and moves across to the other before disappearing again. The saucers are of two kinds: Large saucers fire in random directions, while small saucers aim at the player's ship.

The minimalist soundtrack features a memorable deep-toned electronic "heartbeat", which quickens as the asteroid density is reduced by the player's fire.

Once the screen has been cleared of all asteroids and flying saucers, a new set of large asteroids appears. The number of asteroids increases each round up to a maximum of twelve. The game is over when the player has lost all of his/her lives.

Like many games of its time, ''Asteroids'' contains several bugs that were mostly the result of the original programmers underestimating the game's popularity or the skill of its players. The maximum possible score in this game is 99,990 points, after which it "[[integer overflow|rolls over]]" back to zero. Also, an oversight in the small saucer's programming gave rise to a popular strategy known as "lurking" — because the saucer could only shoot directly at the player's position on the screen, the player could "hide" at the opposite end of the screen and shoot across the screen boundary, while remaining relatively safe. This led to experienced players being able to play indefinitely on a single credit.<ref>[http://www.gamearchive.com/General/Articles/ClassicNews/1981/Esquire2-81-pg62.htm GameArchive article on "Lurking" strategy]</ref> This oversight was addressed in the game's sequel, ''[[Asteroids Deluxe]]'', and led to significant changes in the way game developers designed and tested their games in the future.{{Fact|date=July 2007}}

On some early versions of the game, it was also possible to hide the ship in the score area indefinitely without being hit by asteroids.

==Technical description==
The ''Asteroids'' arcade machine is a [[vector game]]. This means that the game graphics are composed entirely of lines which are drawn on a [[vector monitor]]. The hardware consists primarily of a standard [[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]] [[central processing unit|CPU]], which executes the game program, and the [[Atari Digital Vector Generator|Digital Vector Generator]] (DVG), vector processing [[Electronic circuit|circuitry]] developed by [[Atari]] themselves. As the 6502 by itself was too slow to control both the game play and the vector hardware at the same time, the latter task was delegated to the DVG.

The original design concepts of the DVG came out of Atari's off-campus research lab in Grass Valley, CA, in 1978. The prototype was given to engineer Howard Delman, who refined it, produced it, and then added additional features for Atari's first vector game, ''[[Lunar Lander]]''. When it was decided that ''Asteroids'' would be a [[vector game]] as well, Delman modified a Lunar Lander circuit board for Ed Logg. More memory was added, as was the circuitry for the many sounds in the game. That original Asteroids prototype board still exists, and is currently in Delman's personal collection.

For each picture frame, the 6502 writes graphics commands for the DVG into a defined area of [[RAM]] (the vector RAM), and then asks the DVG to draw the corresponding vector image on the screen. The DVG reads the commands and generates appropriate signals for the vector monitor. There are DVG commands for positioning the cathode ray, for drawing a line to a specified destination, calling a subroutine with further commands, and so on.

''Asteroids'' also features various sound effects, each of which is implemented by its own [[Electronic circuit|circuitry]]. There are seven distinct audio circuits, designed by Howard Delman. The CPU activates these audio [[Electronic circuit|circuits]] (and other hardware components) by writing to special memory addresses (memory mapped ports). The inputs from the player's controls (buttons) are also mapped into the CPU [[address space]]

The main ''Asteroids'' game program uses only 6 [[kilobyte|KB]] of [[Read-only memory|ROM]] code. Another 2 KB of vector ROM contains the descriptions of the main graphical elements (rocks, saucer, player's ship, explosion pictures, letters, and digits) in the form of DVG commands.

==Legacy==
Due to its success, ''Asteroids'' was followed by three sequels:
* ''[[Asteroids Deluxe]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Space Duel]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Blasteroids]]'' (1987)

The [[Killer List of Videogames]] (KLOV) credits this game as one of the "Top 100 Videogames." Readers of the KLOV credit it as the seventh most popular game.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}

The gameplay in ''Asteroids'' was imitated by many games that followed. For example, one of the objects of ''[[Sinistar]]'' is to shoot asteroids in order to get them to release resources which the player needs to collect.

==Ports==
[[Image:Asteroids 360.jpg|thumb|right|[[Xbox Live Arcade]] port.]]
''Asteroids'' has been ported to multiple systems, including many of [[Atari]]'s systems ([[Atari 2600]], [[Atari 7800|7800]], [[Atari Lynx]]) and many others. The 2600 port was the first game to utilize a bank-switched cartridge, doubling available ROM space. A port was in development for the [[Atari 5200|5200]] and advertised as a launch title but never officially released, although an unofficial release was produced by [[AtariAge]]. 1993 saw a release for PC's with Windows 3.1 as part of the original ''[[Microsoft Arcade]]'' package. Also, a new version of ''Asteroids'' was developed for [[PlayStation]], [[Nintendo 64]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], and the [[Game Boy Color]] in the late 1990s. A port was also included on Atari's [[Atari Cosmos|Cosmos]] system, but the system never saw release. Many of the recent [[TV Games]] series of old Atari games have included either the 2600 or arcade versions of ''Asteroids''. Atari has also used the game for its other late '90s and 2000's anthology series. Essentially, if one looks for this game, one will be able to find it somewhere.

In 2004, ''Asteroids'' (Including both the [[Atari 2600]] port and the arcade original, along with [[Asteroids Deluxe]]) were included as part of ''[[Atari Anthology]]'' for both [[Xbox]] and [[Playstation 2]], using Digital Eclipse's emulation technology. (This package was released for the PC a year earlier under the title ''Atari: 80 Classic Games in One''.)

''Asteroids'' was released via [[Xbox Live Arcade]] for the [[Xbox 360]] on [[November 28]], [[2007]], with an option for special revamped HD graphics and a high-speed "throttle monkey" mode.<ref>[http://gamerscoreblog.com/team/archive/2007/11/26/554786.aspx Gamerscore Blog, XBLA announcement]</ref>



===Clones and bootlegs===

There have been countless unofficial ports of ''Asteroids'' produced. These include near-copies such as [[Acornsoft|Acornsoft's]] ''[[Meteors (game)|Meteors]]'', as well as those with expanded gameplay and background, such as ''[[Astrogeddon]]'', ''[[Stardust (game)|Stardust]]'',[[Spheres of Chaos]] and Astro Fire.

==Record breaking gameplay==
{{main|Scott Safran}}

On November 13, 1982, 15-year-old Scott Safran, of Cherry Hill, NJ, set a world record of 41,336,440 points on the classic arcade game Asteroids. He beat the 40,101,910 point score set by Leo Daniels of Carolina Beach on February 6, 1982. To congratulate Safran on his accomplishment, the [[Twin Galaxies]] Intergalactic Scoreboard searched for him for more than fifteen years, until 2002, when it was discovered that he had died in an accident in 1989. In a special ceremony in Philadelphia on April 27, 2002, Walter Day of [[Twin Galaxies]] presented a special award to the surviving members of Scott Safran's family, commemorating the Asteroid Champion's achievement.

In March 2004, [[Portland, Oregon]] resident Bill Carlton attempted to break the world record for playing an arcade version of ''Asteroids'', playing over 27 hours before his machine malfunctioned, ending his record run. He scored 12.7 million points, putting him in 5th place in the all-time ''Asteroids'' rankings{{Fact|date=July 2007}}.

Comedian [[Jim Norton (comedian)|Jim Norton]] (Frunkus) once got the record score for the game Asteroids. This led him to have his picture on a local [[New Jersey]] paper.

In July of 1982, two men in Hyde Park, NY played on one quarter and got a score of 48,830,930. They actually quit the game because they were just too run down. Matthew Collier and John Denver both of Hyde Park at the time, alternated every 100,000 pts which took about 12 minutes, trying to briefly nap on their off time. The lengthy session took 84 hours, as they played in a laundry mat after convincing the owner to allow them to lock themselves in at night. Both men were only 17 at the time, and tried to contact [[Guinness Book of World Records|Guinness]], but they seemed uninterested at the time, because so many records were falling so often in the video game field. They did make the local radio and newspapers, but that was the extent of their 15 minutes of fame. Although John did not master many other games at the time, Matt had mastered almost all of them, spending almost every quarter he earned on video games.{{Fact|date=July 2007}}

==''Asteroids'' in popular culture==
In 1982, [[Buckner and Garcia]] recorded a song titled "Hyperspace", using sound effects from the game, and released it on the album ''[[Pac-Man Fever (album)|Pac-Man Fever]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{citation style}}

==External links==
*[http://games.atari.com/playgames/arcade/asteroids/asteroids_400.jsp Atari's official online version of Asteroids]
*[http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=22&pi=2&gi=4017&vi=643 Twin Galaxies Scoreboard for Asteroids High Scores]
*{{moby game|id=/asteroids|name=''Asteroids''}}
*{{KLOV game|id=6939|name=Asteroids}}
*{{StrategyWiki|Asteroids}}
*[http://www.ataritimes.com/article.php?showarticle=174 Atari Times: All About ''Asteroids'']
*[http://www.thedoteaters.com/p2_stage2.php Article at The Dot Eaters], featuring a history of Asteroids
*[http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=746760&lastnode_id=0 Asteroids used to explain the topological classification] of [[Surface|2-manifolds]] at [[Everything2]]
*[http://www.wii60.com/forum/showthread.php?t=14197 Wii60.com's Hall of Fame entry for Asteroids.]
*[http://gls1electronics.com/atari/asteroids/asteroids_troubleshooting_notes.htm Troubleshooting notes for the game board]

===Asteroids in the news===
*[http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=19&id=318 Missing Asteroids Champion to receive Posthumous Award]
*[http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=18&id=352 Missing 'Asteroids' champ found dead in California, CNN.COM, March 19, 2002]
*[http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=18&id=349 The Disappearing Asteroids Ace -- Newsweek.com, April 22, 2002]
*[http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=18&id=348 After 20 Years, Master Gamester Finally honored - Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, PA, April 28, 2002]

[[Category:1979 video games]]
[[Category:Arcade games]]
[[Category:Atari 2600 games]]
[[Category:Atari 5200 games]]
[[Category:Cancelled Atari 5200 games]]
[[Category:Atari 7800 games]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit family games]]
[[Category:Atari arcade games]]
[[Category:Atari Lynx games]]
[[Category:Game Boy Color games]]
[[Category:Mac OS games]]
[[Category:Mobile phone games]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:PlayStation games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]
[[Category:Multidirectional shooters]]
[[Category:Vector arcade games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer video games]]

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