{{Redirect|Lumière|the [[Kiddy Grade]] character|Lumière (Kiddy Grade)}}
[[Image:Fratelli Lumiere.jpg|thumb|right|Auguste (left) and Louis Lumière.]]
{{Infobox Person | name = Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = [[19 October]] [[1862]] | birth_place = [[Besançon]], [[France]] | death_date = [[10 April]] [[1954]] | death_place = [[Lyon]] | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education =[[La Martiniere Lyon]] | employer = | occupation = [[film director|Filmmaker]] | title = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = Charles Antoine Lumière (1840-1911) | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}
{{Infobox Person | name = Louis Jean Lumière | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = [[5 October]] [[1864]] | birth_place = [[Besançon]], [[France]] | death_date = [[6 June]] [[1948]] | death_place = [[Bandol]] | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education =[[La Martiniere Lyon]] | employer = | occupation = [[film director|Filmmaker]] | title = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = Charles Antoine Lumière (1840-1911) | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}

The '''Lumière''' brothers, '''Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas''' ([[19 October]] [[1862]], [[Besançon]], [[France]] – [[10 April]] [[1954]], [[Lyon]]) and '''Louis Jean''' ([[5 October]] [[1864]], [[Besançon]], [[France]] – [[6 June]] [[1948]], [[Bandol]]), were among the earliest [[film director|filmmakers]]. (Appropriately, "lumière" translates as "light" in English.)

==Early cinema ==
The Lumières held their first private screening of projected motion pictures on [[March 22]], [[1895]].<ref>Chardère (1985), p.71. This first screening on March 22 1895 took place in Paris, at the "Society for the Development of the National Industry", in front of an audience of 200 people - among which [[Léon Gaumont]], then director of the Comptoir de la photographie. The main focus of this conference by Louis Lumière were the recent developments in the photograph industry, mainly the research on polychromy (color photography). It was much to Lumière's surprise that the moving black-and-white images retained more attention than the colored stills photographs.</ref> Their first public screening of movies at which admission was charged was held on [[December 28]], [[1895]], at Paris's [[Salon Indien du Grand Café]]. This history-making presentation featured ten short films, including their first film, ''[[Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory|Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon]]'' (''Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory'').<ref>"La première séance publique payante", Institut Lumière, http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html . </ref> Each film is 17 meters long, which, when hand cranked through a projector, runs approximately 46 seconds.

It is believed their first film was actually recorded that same year (1895)<ref>Chardère (1985), p.70: The date of the recording of their first film is in dispute. In an interview with Georges Sadoul given in 1948, Louis Lumière tells that he shot the film in August 1894. This is questioned by historians (Sadoul, Pinel, Chardère) who consider that a functional Lumière camera didn't exist before the end of 1894, and that their first film was recorded March 19th 1895, and then publicly projected March 22nd at the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale in Paris.</ref> with [[Léon Bouly]]'s [[cinematographe|cinématographe]] device, which was patented the previous year. The cinématographe— a three-in-one device that could record, develop, and project [[film|motion picture]]s— was further developed by the Lumières.
[[Image:Cinematographe Lumiere.jpg|thumb|left|190px|The world's first movie poster, for 1895's [[L'Arroseur Arrosé]]]]
Even though [[Max Skladanowsky|Max and Emil Skladanowsky]], inventors of the [[Bioskope]], had offered projected moving images to a paying public one month earlier ([[November 1]], [[1895]], in [[Berlin]]), film historians consider the Grand Café screening to be the true birth of the cinema as a commercial medium. The reason is the Skladanowsky brothers' screening used a dual system motion picture projector which was extremely impractical and was immediately supplanted by the Lumiere cinematographe.

==History==
The Lumière brothers were born in Twin Valley, [[Besançon]], [[France]] but brought up in [[Lyon]]. Both attended [[La Martiniere Lyon]]. Their father, Charles Antoine Lumière (1840-1911), ran a [[History of the camera|photographic]] firm and both brothers worked for him: Louis as a physicist and Auguste as a manager. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images.

It was not until their father retired in 1892 that the brothers began to create moving pictures. They patented a number of significant processes leading up to their film camera - most notably [[film perforations]] (originally implemented by [[Emile Reynaud]]) as a means of advancing the film through the camera and projector. The [[cinématographe]] itself was patented on [[13 February]], [[1895]] and the first footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded on [[19 March]], [[1895]]. This first film shows workers leaving the Lumière factory.

The public debut at the Grand Café came a few months later and consisted of the following ten short films (in order of presentation):[http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html]

#''[[Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory|La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon]]'' (literally, "the exit from the Lumière factories in Lyon", or, under its more common English title, ''Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory''), 46 seconds
#''[[La Voltige]]'' ("Horse Trick Riders"), 46 seconds
#''[[La Pêche aux poissons rouges]]'' ("fishing for goldfish"), 42 seconds
#''[[The Photographical Congress Arrives in Lyon|Le Débarquement du Congrès de Photographie à Lyon]]'' ("the disembarkment of the Congress of Photographers in Lyon"), 48 seconds
#''[[Les Forgerons]]'' ("Blacksmiths"), 49 seconds
#''Le Jardinier ([[l'Arroseur Arrosé]])'' ("The Gardener," or "The Sprinkler Sprinkled"), 49 seconds
#''[[Repas de bébé|Le Repas (de bébé)]]'' ("Baby's Breakfast"), 41 seconds
#''[[Le Saut à la couverture]]'' ("Jumping Onto the Blanket"), 41 seconds
#''[[Place des Cordeliers à Lyon|La Place des Cordeliers à Lyon]]'' ("Cordeliers Square in Lyon"--a street scene), 44 seconds
#''[[La Mer (film)|La Mer (Baignade en mer)]]'' ("the sea [bathing in the sea]"), 38 seconds

The Lumières went on tour with the cinématographe in 1896 - visiting [[Bombay]], [[London]] and [[New York]].

The moving images had an immediate and significant influence on popular culture with ''[[L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat]]'' (literally, "the arrival of a train at La Ciotat Station", but more commonly known as ''Arrival of a Train at a Station''). Their [[actuality film]]s, or ''actualités'', are often cited as the first, primitive documentaries. They also made the first steps towards comedy film with the slapstick of ''[[L'Arroseur Arrosé]]''.

[[Image:LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg|thumb|right|Autochrome color picture by Jean-Baptiste Tournassoud of North-African soldiers, Oise, France, 1917.[http://www.greatwar.nl/frames/default-color.html]]]
The brothers stated that "the [[film|cinema]] is an [[invention]] without any future" and declined to sell their camera to other filmmakers such as [[Georges Méliès]]. Consequently, their role in the history of film was exceedingly brief. They turned their attentions to colour photography and in 1903 they patented a colour photography process, the "[[Autochrome Lumière]]", launched on the market in 1907. Throughout much of the 20th century, the Lumière company was a major producer of photographic products in Europe, but the brand name, Lumière, disappeared from the marketplace following its merger with [[Ilford Photo|Ilford]].
The Lumières also developed other products such as a loudspeaker, "Lumière tulle gras" (a dressing to heal burns) and the homonoid [[forceps]] (a medical tool).

==See also==
*[[1895 in film]]
*[[1896 in film]]
*[[19th century in film]]
*[[History of film]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==

* Chardère, B.; Borgé, G. and M. (1985). ''Les Lumière'', Paris: Bibliothèque des Arts. ISBN 2-85047-068-6 (Language: French)
* Chardère, B. (1995). ''Les images des Lumière'', Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 2-07-011462-7 (Language: French)
*{{cite book | last = Cook | first = David | authorlink = David A. Cook | year = 2004 | title = A History of Narrative Film | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = W. W. Norton | location = New York | id = ISBN 0-393-97868-0}}
* Rittaud-Hutinet, Jacques. (1985). ''Le cinéma des origines'', Seyssel: Champ Vallon. ISBN 2-903528-43-8 (Language: French)
*{{cite book | last = Mast | first = Gerald | authorlink = Gerald Mast | coauthors = and Bruce F. Kawin | year = 2006 | title = A Short History of the Movies | edition = 9th ed. | publisher = Pearson Longman | location = New York | id = ISBN 0-321-26232-8}}

==External links==

* [http://www.industrienationale.fr Société d’encouragement pour l’industrie nationale]
*{{Victorian Cinema|louislumiere.htm|Louis Lumière}}
*{{Victorian Cinema|augustelumiere.htm|Auguste Lumière}}
*[http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html The films shown at the first public screening] (Quicktime format) — December 28, 1895. Also includes a program for the event.
*[http://www.institut-lumiere.org/ Le musée Lumière] — Lumière Museum .
{{CinemaofFrance}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lumiere, Auguste and Louis}}
[[Category:French film directors]]
[[Category:French businesspeople]]
[[Category:French inventors]]
[[Category:Pioneers of photography]]
[[Category:Cinema pioneers]]
[[Category:History of film]]
[[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
[[Category:Cinema of France]]
[[Category:La Martiniere College]]
[[Category:Sibling duos]]
[[Category:National Inventors Hall of Fame]]
[[Category:1895 films]]
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]

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