Park_Güell

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[[Image:Parcguell.jpg|right|frame|The entrance to the park]]
'''Park Güell''' is a 17, 18 ha wide garden complex with [[Architecture|architectural]] elements situated on the hill of [[el Carmel]] in the [[Gràcia]] district of [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]]. It was designed by the [[Catalonia|Catalan]] [[architect]] [[Antoni Gaudí]] and built in the years [[1900]] to [[1914]]. It is part of the [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] "Works of [[Antoni Gaudí]]".

==Origins as a housing development==
The park was originally part of a commercially unsuccessful housing site, the idea of Count [[Eusebi de Güell]], whom the park was named after. It was inspired by the English [[garden city movement]]; hence the original English name ''Park''. The site was a rocky hill with little vegetation and few trees, called Muntanya Pelada (Bare Mountain). It already included a large country house called Larrard House or Muntaner de Dalt House, and was next to a neighborhood of upper class houses called La Salud. The intention was to exploit the fresh air (well away from smoky factories) and beautiful views from the site, with sixty triangular lots being provided for luxury houses. Count Eusebi Güell added to the prestige of the development by moving in 1906 to live in Larrard House. In the event only two houses were built, neither designed by Gaudi. One was intended to be a show house, but on being completed in 1904 was put up for sale, and as no buyers came forward. Gaudi, at Güell's suggestion, bought it with his savings and moved in with his family and his father in 1906.<ref name=zim>{{Citation | last = Zimmermann | first = Robert | year =2002 | title =The Best of Gaudí | place = | publisher = | url =http://www.sola-sole.com/bgaudi.pdf}}</ref>

==Municipal garden==
It has since been converted into a municipal garden. It can be reached by underground railway (although the stations are at a distance from the Park), by city buses, or by commercial tourist buses. While entrance to the Park is free, Gaudí's house, "la Torre Rosa," — containing furniture that he designed — can be only visited for an entrance fee. There is a reduced rate for those wishing to see both Park Güell and the Sagrada Familia.

[[Image:Park Guell Terrace.JPG|left|thumb|[[Gaudí]]'s mosaic work on the main terrace]]

[[Image:Park Guell Dragon Fountain.JPG|right|thumb|[[Gaudí]]'s multicolored mosaic dragon fountain at the main entrance, prior to vandalism early in 2007]]

Although it sounds unlikely, the place is skillfully designed and composed to bring the peace and calm that one would expect from a park. The buildings flanking the entrance, though very original and remarkable with fantastically shaped roofs with unusual pinnacles, fit in well with the use of the park as pleasure gardens and seem relatively inconspicuous in the landscape when one considers the flamboyance of other buildings designed by [[Gaudí]].

The focal point of the park is the main terrace, surrounded by a long bench in the form of a [[sea serpent]]. To design the curvature of the bench surface [[Gaudí]] used the shape of buttocks left by a naked workman sitting in wet clay. The curves of the serpent bench form a number of enclaves, creating a more social atmosphere. [[Gaudí]] incorporated many motifs of [[Catalonia|Catalan]] nationalism, and elements from religious mysticism and ancient poetry, into the Park. The visitor was originally greeted by two life-size mechanical [[gazelle]]s (a major euphemistic symbol of 'the young beloved' in the Hebrew strand of the [[medieval]] love [[Spanish poetry|poetry of the region]]), but these have since been lost during the turbulence of war.

Roadways around the park to service the intended houses were designed by Gaudi as structures jutting out from the steep hillside or running on viaducts, with separate footpaths in arcades formed under these structures. This minimized the intrusion of the roads, and Gaudi designed them using local stone in a way that integrates them closely into the landscape. His structures echo natural forms, with columns like tree trunks supporting branching [[vaulting]] under the roadway, and the curves of vaulting and alignment of sloping columns designed in a similar way to his [[Church of Colònia Güell]] so that the [[Catenary#The inverted catenary arch|inverted catenary arch]] shapes form perfect compression structures.<ref name=works>[http://me-wserver.mecheng.strath.ac.uk/group2003/groupl/Inspirational%20people/Antoni%20Gaudi_files/Antoni%20Gaudi.htm The Works of Gaudi], retrieved [[2007-04-03]]</ref>

The large cross at the Park's high-point offers the most complete view of Barcelona and the bay. It is possible to view the main city in panorama, with the [[Sagrada Família]] and the [[Montjuïc]] area visible at a distance.

[[Image:ParkGuellEntrance.jpg|center|thumb|400px|The two buildings at the entrance of the park.]]

==Recent events==
On 7 February 2007 it was reported that the world-famous dragon at the entrance had been vandalized overnight, with a group of youths being sought by the authorities. <ref>''[http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_8819.shtml Typically Spanish]'' News Service</ref> The head and face of the sculpture had apparently been smashed repeatedly with a metal bar and was quite substantially damaged. The Third Deputy Mayor spoke to the international press of her disgust and determination to prosecute – and to repair the dragon.

The park can be seen in the [[Barcelona]] level on [[Tony Hawk's Underground 2]].

On the Disney movie ''The Cheetah Girls 2'' Raven-Symone, Adrienne Bailon, Sabrina Bryan, and Kiely Williams all danced on the park while singing around Barcelona.
On the Final cycle 7 episode of America's next top model, Tyra Banks, Jay Manual, Jay Alexander, Leslie hornby (Twiggy) Melrose Bickerstaff and Caridee were in a fashion show. and the Colonnaded pathway was used as the runway.

==Gallery of images==
<gallery>
Image:Barcelona park!.jpg| View from the upper level of the park.
image:Goelenterance06390139.JPG|Entrance to the Park.
Image:Parc Güell Dragon Restored.jpg|The dragon, as restored after the vandalism of February 2007.
image:Goeldoric06390141.JPG|Doric columns support the roof of the lower court which forms the central terrace, with serpentine seating round its edge.
image:Goelbench06390140.JPG|The unique shape of the serpentine bench enables the people sitting on it to converse privately, although the square is large. The bench is tiled and in order to dry up quickly after it rains, and to stop people from sitting in the wet part of the bench, small bumps were installed by Gaudí.
image:Goelbirdnests06390137.JPG|Bird nests built by Gaudí in the terrace walls. The walls imitate the trees planted on them.
image:Goelwalways06390156.JPG|Roadway in the Park - resembles the pine trees of the park. In order to fit in, the road and walkway structures between the terraces were built with stones quarried within the park. Bird nests have been installed in the walkways.
Image:Parc Guell 10.jpg|Colonnaded footpath under the roadway viaduct, with external columns sloping to take the diagonal thrust from the vault supporting the road.
Image:Colonnadeparkguell.jpg|Colonnaded pathway where the road projects out from the hillside, with the vaulting forming a [[retaining wall]] which curves over to support the road, and transmits the load onto sloping columns.

</Gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=41.414048,2.150187&spn=0.003677,0.007522&t=k Park Güell at Google Maps]
* [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=320 UNESCO World Heritage Sites Works of Antoni Gaudí]
* [http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/guel.htm Parque Guell Barcelona - Gardens Guide]
* [http://www.barcelona-tourist-guide.com/albums-en/gaudi-park-guell/index.html Park Güell Photo Gallery]
* [http://www.destination360.com/europe/spain/guell-park.php Park Guell Information and Photos]
* [http://www.barcelonaexplore.com Barcelona Explore] Further information on the beautiful capital of Catalonia.
* [http://www.bcn.cat/urbanisme/catala/guell_mod_g.htm Parc Güell map]

{{commons|Parc Güell|Parc Güell}}

{{Barcelona landmarks}}

[[Category:Culture in Barcelona|Park Guell]]
[[Category:Modernisme in Barcelona]]
[[Category:Parks in Barcelona|Guell]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain|Park Guell]]
[[Category:Antoni Gaudí buildings|Park Guell]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Barcelona|Park Guell]]
[[Category:mosaics|Park Guell]]
[[Category:1914 architecture|Park Guell]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Barcelona]]
[[Category:Gràcia]]

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